Increasing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Ambient Air Pollution-Attributable Morbidity and Mortality in the United States

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) threaten public health in the US, systemic racism has led to modern-day disparities distribution associated impacts of these pollutants.

Language: Английский

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Historical Redlining Is Associated with Disparities in Environmental Quality across California

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 54 - 59

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Historical policies have been shown to underpin environmental quality. In the 1930s, federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed most comprehensive archive of neighborhoods that would redlined by local lenders and Federal Housing Administration, often applying racist criteria. Our study explored how redlining is associated with quality across eight California cities. We integrated HOLC’s graded maps [grades A (i.e., “best” “greenlined”), B, C, D “hazardous” “redlined”)] 10 hazards using data from 2018 2021 quantify spatial overlap among hazards. found formerly poorer relative those other HOLC grades via higher pollution, more noise, less vegetation, elevated temperatures. Additionally, we intraurban disparities were consistently worse for hazards, having pollution burdens (77% vs 18% greenlined neighborhoods), noise (72% 18%), vegetation (86% 12%), temperature 20%), than their respective city’s average. findings highlight redlining, a policy abolished in 1968, remains an justice concern shaping Californian urban neighborhoods.

Language: Английский

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Air quality related equity implications of U.S. decarbonization policy

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Abstract Climate policies that target greenhouse gas emissions can improve air quality by reducing co-emitted pollutant emissions. However, the extent to which climate policy could contribute targets of existing pollution disparities across different populations remains largely unknown. We quantify potential exposure reductions under U.S. federal carbon policy, considering implications resulting health benefits for racial/ethnic groups. focus on cases achieve 40-60% in 2030 economy-wide dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, when compared with 2005 The 50% CO reduction case reduces average fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 groups, greatest benefit non-Hispanic Black (−0.44 μg/m 3 and white (−0.37 ). disparity minorities rises from 12.4% 13.1%. Applying an optimization approach multiple scenarios, we find no alternate combination sources would substantially mitigate disparities. Results suggest -based strategies this range are insufficient fully mitigating PM between minority populations; addressing may require larger-scale structural changes.

Language: Английский

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Historical Redlining and Community-Reported Housing Quality: A Spatial Analysis

Journal of Urban Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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PM _2.5 exposure disparities persist despite strict vehicle emissions controls in California

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(37)

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

As policymakers increasingly focus on environmental justice, a key question is whether emissions reductions aimed at addressing air quality or climate change can also ameliorate persistent pollution exposure disparities. We examine evidence from California’s aggressive vehicle control policy 2000 to 2019. find 65% reduction in modeled statewide average PM 2.5 on-road vehicles, yet for people of color and overburdened community residents, relative disparities increased. Light-duty are the main driver disparity, although smaller contributions heavy-duty vehicles especially affect some groups. Our findings suggest that continued trend will likely reduce concentrations absolute disparity but may not without greater attention systemic factors leading this disparity.

Language: Английский

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Ethnoracial Disparities in Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution in the United States: Comparing Data Sets from Satellites, Models, and Monitors

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(48), P. 19532 - 19544

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

In the United States (U.S.), studies on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) trends and pollution-attributable health effects have historically used measurements from in situ monitors, which limited geographical coverage leave 66% of urban areas unmonitored. Novel tools, including remotely sensed NO2 estimates land-use regression photochemical models, can aid assessing exposure gradients, leveraging their complete spatial coverage. Using these data sets, we find that Black, Hispanic, Asian, multiracial populations experience levels 15-50% higher than national average 2019, whereas non-Hispanic White population is consistently exposed to are 5-15% lower average. By contrast, monitoring network indicates more moderate ethnoracial disparities different rankings least- most-exposed subgroup. Validating spatially sets against observations reveals similar performance, indicating all be understand variations NO2. Integrating monitoring, satellite data, statistical models provide a semiobservational record, geospatial coverage, increasingly high resolution, enhancing future efforts characterize, map, track inequality for highly heterogeneous pollutants like

Language: Английский

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Leveraging crowd-sourced environmental data to assess air pollution exposure disparity: A case of Los Angeles County

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 103599 - 103599

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of air pollution exposure; however, its impacts on exposure disparity between disadvantaged communities (DACs) and non-DACs remain understudied. We utilized crowd-sourced open data from PurpleAir website, a widely used low-cost sensor network, CalEnviroScreen 4.0, tool for identifying disproportionate burdens in California, US, to investigate Los Angeles County, CA. compared particles with diameters smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) concentrations before during (March 2019 - March 2020 vs. 2021) across eight regions, focus DACs that often have high proportions low-income people color residents. Some experienced higher-than-average when lockdown measures were lifted, higher percentage days exceeding 35 µg/m3 threshold non-DACs. confirmed persistent disparities non-DACs, as indicated by both EPA regulatory monitors. also found impact traffic land use factors PM2.5 became more consistent locations COVID. Our research underscores viability leveraging identify highlights urgency targeted interventions (e.g., telecommuting, industrial policies) address burden vulnerable communities, particularly after crises. Further is warranted expand this approach advance environmental justice efforts diverse contexts.

Language: Английский

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Development of over 30-years of high spatiotemporal resolution air pollution models and surfaces for California

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 109100 - 109100

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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PM2.5 exposure disparities persist despite strict vehicle emissions controls in California

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

As policymakers increasingly focus on environmental justice, a key question is whether emissions reductions aimed at addressing air quality or climate change can also ameliorate persistent pollution exposure disparities. We examine evidence from California’s aggressive vehicle control policy 2000-2019. find 65% reduction in modeled statewide average to PM2.5 on-road vehicles, yet for people of color and overburdened community residents, relative disparities increased. Light-duty are the main driver disparity, although smaller contributions heavy-duty vehicles especially impact some groups. Our findings suggest that continued trend will likely reduce concentrations absolute disparity but may not without greater attention systemic factors leading this disparity.

Language: Английский

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PM2.5 exposure disparities persist despite strict vehicle emissions controls in California

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

As policymakers increasingly focus on environmental justice, a key question is whether emissions reductions aimed at addressing air quality or climate change can also ameliorate persistent pollution exposure disparities. We examine evidence from California’s aggressive vehicle control policy 2000-2019. find 65% reduction in statewide average to PM2.5 on-road vehicles, yet for people of color and overburdened community residents, relative disparities increased. Light-duty are the main driver disparity, although smaller contributions heavy-duty vehicles especially impact some groups. Our findings suggest that continued trend will likely reduce concentrations but may not without greater attention systemic factors leading this disparity.

Language: Английский

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