A systematic review for non-targeted analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 960, P. 178240 - 178240

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This review follows the PRISMA guidelines to provide a systematic of 115 peer reviewed articles that used non-targeted analysis (NTA) methods detect per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). literature highlights significant positive impact NTA in understanding PFAS environment. Within geographical bias exists, with most studies (∼60 %) conducted United States China. Future other regions (such as South America Africa) are needed gain more global understanding. More research is required marine environments atmosphere, current focus mainly on freshwater, groundwater, soil, sediments. The majority measuring environment, rather than commercial products (with exception AFFF). Non-lethal blood sampling has been successful for humans wildlife, but additional biomonitoring exposed cohorts understand health risks biotransformation pathways. mostly use liquid chromatography negative ionisation, which biases towards detection specific PFAS. Despite improvements data reporting quality assurance control (QA/QC) procedures, factors such false rates often overlooked, many workflows remain highly subjective. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluoroalkyl sulfonic (PFSAs) detected classes, identified over 80 % studies, common routine monitoring. However, our >1000 from total 382 different 300 classes found fewer 5 studies. variety present limitations relying solely targeted methods. monitoring programs regulations would benefit considering comprehensive information

Language: Английский

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Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from biochar composites: Cyclic adsorption and spent regenerant degradation

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 140051 - 140051

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Occurrence, spatiotemporal trends, fate, and treatment technologies for microplastics and organic contaminants in biosolids: A review

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 133471 - 133471

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, treatment and multi-criteria analysis microplastics (MPs) organic contaminants (OCs) in biosolids. A meta-analysis was complementarily analysed through literature to map out occurrence fate MPs 10 different groups OCs. The data demonstrate that (54.7% rate) linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants (44.2% account for highest prevalence In turn, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) have lowest rates (<0.01%). several OCs (e.g., per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical personal care products, ultraviolet filters, phosphate retardants) Europe appear at higher than Asia Americas. However, MP concentrations biosolids from Australia are reported be times America Europe, which required more measurement in-depth analysis. Amongst OC groups, brominated exhibited exceptional sorption with partitioning coefficients (log K

Language: Английский

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Non-conventional sorption materials for the removal of legacy and emerging PFAS from water: A review

Emerging contaminants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 100303 - 100303

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of ubiquitous, persistent, hazardous pollutants that raise concerns for human health the environment. Typically, PFAS removal from water relies on adsorption techniques using conventional sorption materials like activated carbons (ACs) ion exchange resins (IERs). However, there is continuous search more efficient performing adsorbent to better address wide range chemical structures in environment, increase their selectivity, achieve an overall high capacity faster uptake kinetics. In this context, results application non-conventional (i.e., readily available biological-based proteins advanced nanocomposites cyclodextrins) reported discussed consideration following criteria: i) efficiency kinetics legacy (e.g., PFOA, PFBA) as well newly-introduced emerging GenX), ii) representativity environmental conditions experimental setup use environmentally relevant concentrations), iii) regenerability, reusability applicability materials, iv) role material modifications adsorption. From review, it emerged organic frameworks, nano(ligno)cellulosic-based layered double hydroxides among most promising herein investigated adsorption, was also observed presence fluorine- amine-moieties structure improve both selectivity uptake. lack data real environments costs involved means research still its infancy need further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Confinement Improves Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactivity in Electrified Membranes for Micropollutant Degradation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Micropollutants (MPs) pose a significant threat to global water environments, necessitating advanced treatment technologies. Distributed electrochemical systems utilizing electrified membranes (EMs) show promise but face challenges due unclear mass transfer and reaction mechanisms within membrane pores of varying sizes surface chemistry. This review examines the interplay between spatial confinement, transfer, chemical reactions in EMs, focusing on reactive species (RSs), EM‐MPs system evolution, phenomena across pore from microns sub‐nanometer scales. Despite advances RS research, coherent mechanistic understanding MP degradation under confinement remains elusive, particularly extreme where deviate bulk behavior. Gaps knowledge stem complex dynamics, thermodynamics kinetics, need for detailed theoretical describe effects. summarizes generation detection methods RSs, outlines progress EM operational modes, elucidates how impacts both reactions. Future research shall focus precise identification quantitative regulation optimization processes relation RSs MPs, investigation active sites energetic barriers confined environments.

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal Destruction and Defluorination of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA)

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(18), P. 8076 - 8085

Published: April 25, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have received increased attention due to their environmental prevalence threat public health. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is an ultrashort-chain PFAS the simplest perfluorocarboxylic (PFCA). While US EPA does not currently regulate TFA, its chemical similarity other PFCAs simple molecular structure make it a suitable model compound for studying transformation of PFAS. We show that hydrothermal processing in compressed liquid water transforms TFA at relatively mild conditions (T = 150–250 °C, P < 30 MPa), initially yielding gaseous products, such as CHF3 CO2, naturally aspirate from solution. Alkali amendment (e.g., NaOH) promotes mineralization CHF3, dissolved fluoride, formate, carbonate species final products. Fluorine carbon balances are closed using Raman spectroscopy fluoride ion selective electrode measurements experiments performed alkaline conditions, where gas yields negligible. Qualitative FTIR analysis allows establishing pathways; however, F-balance could be quantitatively without NaOH amendment. The kinetics under measured, showing little no dependency on concentration, indicating thermal decarboxylation rate-limiting step. A proposed mechanism motivates additional work generalize reaction pathways PFCAs.

Language: Английский

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Catalytic Degradation of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimeric Acid during the Hydrothermal Regeneration of Spent Activated Carbon

ACS ES&T Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 1391 - 1400

Published: May 29, 2024

Regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) after adsorption perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances is an emerging challenge. This study reports a successful regeneration spent GAC with hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO–TA) at 120 °C. For the first time, we observed that significantly catalyzed degradation defluorination adsorbed HFPO–TA. The new catalytic mechanism HFPO–TA on was proposed. Reaction intermediates' analysis confirmed ether group near carboxyl split into dimer (HFPO–DA) trifluoroacetic (TFA). Subsequently, HFPO–DA further broken down to produce PFPrA TFA. These intermediates were detected only when not found dissolved in water without GAC. Bond dissociation energy calculations revealed close carboxylic had smaller more susceptible breakage compared decarboxylation reaction gas-phase products contained significant amounts 1H-substituted HFPO–DA, indicating Furthermore, density functional theory indicated site carried positive charge GAC, facilitating through nucleophilic reaction. Finally, efficiency remained 81% fifth adsorption–degradation cycle. offers novel cost-effective strategy for degradative HFPO–TA-adsorbed

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment (HALT) of Foam Fractionation Concentrate Derived from PFAS-Contaminated Groundwater

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(44), P. 17154 - 17165

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

While foam fractionation (FF) process has emerged as a promising technology for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater, management the resulting concentrates with elevated concentrations PFASs (e.g., >1 g/L) remains challenge. Here, we applied hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT) to two derived FF field demonstration projects that treated aqueous film-forming (AFFF)-impacted groundwater. Results showed >90% degradation defluorination within 90 min (350 °C, 1 M NaOH) all 62 (including cations, anions, zwitterions) identified in concentrates. Observed rate constants individual perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs, CnF2n+1–SO3–), most recalcitrant class PFASs, both were similar values measured previously other matrices, indicating initial PFAS PFHxSinit = 0.55 g/L), dissolved organic carbon (DOC; up 4.5 salt levels 325 mg/L chloride) do not significantly affect reaction kinetics. DOC was partially mineralized by treatment, but fraction (∼15%) recalcitrant. Spectroscopic characterization revealed molecular features HALT-recalcitrant fraction, nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry tentatively 129 nonfluorinated molecules. Analysis energy requirements shows treating PFAS-contaminated HALT would add minimally (<5%) overall an integrated FF-HALT train.

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignin-Derived Activated Carbon for Enhanced Competitive Adsorption of Benzene and NO: Mechanistic Insights from DFT Simulations

Journal of Molecular Structure, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 141770 - 141770

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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PFAS destruction through catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction using modified hydrochar

Journal of Water Process Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 107606 - 107606

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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