Cureus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
The
direct
engagement
of
hafnium
(Hf)
in
biological
processes
or
its
critical
function
living
things
is
not
well
understood
as
now.
Unlike
key
elements
like
oxygen,
carbon,
hydrogen,
and
nitrogen,
which
are
necessary
for
life,
Hf
known
to
have
any
activities
functions.
It
essential
acknowledge
that
scientific
research
ongoing
new
findings
may
been
made.
This
systematic
review
aimed
aggregate
analyze
the
studies
discuss
biomedical
applications
metal.
was
conducted
following
guidelines
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)
Statement.
search
strategy
used:
two
independent
researchers
electronic
searches
databases
including
PubMed,
Embase,
Cochrane
Database
Reviews,
Google
Scholar.
up
August
2023
using
Medical
Subject
Headings
(MeSH)
terms
"transition
elements,"
"hafnium,"
"biomedical
research."
Boolean
operators
"AND"
"OR"
were
used
refine
search.
Electronic
databases,
along
with
hand
searches,
identified
a
total
38
studies.
various
database
resulted
studies,
12
excluded
duplicates,
five
unavailable
full-text
data.
remaining
21
articles
then
assessed
their
eligibility
based
on
inclusion
exclusion
criteria,
finally,
included
present
review.
Among
chosen
six
cancer-related
targeted
radiotherapy
chemoradiotherapy,
bone
apatite-forming
capabilities,
one
treatment
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
common
outcome
measures
cell
proliferation,
osteoblast
formation,
intensification,
immunotherapy.
outlines
an
overall
picture
uses
metal,
transition
element,
potent
biomaterial.
In
conclusion,
this
Hf,
has
some
promising
scope
fields
biomedicine,
special
focus
cancer
osteogenic
capabilities.
Inorganic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
62(7), P. 3036 - 3046
Published: Feb. 9, 2023
In
the
field
of
sensing,
finding
high-performance
amine
molecular
sensors
has
always
been
a
challenging
topic.
Here,
two
highly
stable
3D
MOFs
DUT-67(Hf)
and
DUT-67(Zr)
with
large
specific
surface
areas
hierarchical
pore
structures
were
conveniently
synthesized
by
solvothermal
reaction
ZrCl4/HfCl4
simple
organic
ligand,
2,5-thiophene
dicarboxylic
acid
(H2TDC)
according
to
literature
approach.
By
analyzing
TGA
data,
it
was
found
that
have
defects
(unsaturated
metal
sites)
can
interact
substrates
(H2O
volatile
gas),
which
is
conducive
proton
transfer
compound
identification.
Further
experiments
showed
at
100
°C
98%
relative
humidity
(RH),
optimized
conductivities
reach
high
values
2.98
×
10–3
3.86
S
cm–1,
respectively.
Moreover,
room
temperature
sensing
characteristics
MOFs'
gases
evaluated
68,
85
RHs,
Impressively,
prepared
MOFs-based
desired
stability
higher
sensitivity
amines.
Under
68%
RH,
detection
limits
or
for
0.5
(methylamine),
(dimethylamine)
1
ppm
(trimethylamine),
As
far
as
we
know,
this
best
performance
ammonia
in
past
proton-conductive
MOF
sensors.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(29), P. 35128 - 35139
Published: July 18, 2023
Recently,
researchers
have
focused
on
preparing
and
studying
proton
exchange
membranes.
Metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
are
candidates
for
composite
membrane
fillers
due
to
their
high
crystallinity
structural
characteristics,
Hf-based
MOFs
attracted
our
attention
with
porosity
stability.
Therefore,
in
this
study,
were
doped
into
a
cost-effective
chitosan
matrix
as
fabricate
films
having
excellent
conductivity
(σ).
First,
the
nanoscale
Hf-UiO-66-(OH)2
(1)
Hf-UiO-66-NH2
(2)
chemically
modified
by
ligand
design
strategy
obtain
SA-1
CBD-2
bearing
free
-COOH
units.
The
conductivities
of
under
optimal
test
conditions
reached
1.23
×
10-2
0.71
S
cm-1.
After
that,
we
prepared
membranes
CS/SA-1
CS/CBD-2
casting
method;
tests
revealed
that
introduction
improved
stabilities
σ
values
membranes,
best
could
reach
above
cm-1
100
°C/98%
RH.
Further
characterization
activation
energy
calculation
conductive
mechanism
films.
This
investigation
not
only
proposes
novel
chemical
modification
method
optimizing
but
also
promotes
development
MOF-doped
provides
basis
future
applications
fuel
cells.
Inorganic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(23), P. 10786 - 10797
Published: May 21, 2024
To
date,
developing
crystalline
proton-conductive
metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
with
an
inherent
excellent
proton-conducting
ability
and
structural
stability
has
been
a
critical
priority
in
addressing
the
technologies
required
for
sustainable
development
energy
storage.
Bearing
this
mind,
multifunctional
organic
ligand,
3,4-dimethylthiophene[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic
acid
(H2DTD),
was
employed
to
generate
two
exceptionally
stable
three-dimensional
porous
Zr/Hf
MOFs,
[Zr6O4(OH)4(DTD)6]·5DMF·H2O
(Zr-DTD)
[Hf6O4(OH)4(DTD)6]·4DMF·H2O
(Hf-DTD),
using
solvothermal
means.
The
presence
of
Zr6
or
Hf6
nodes,
strong
Zr/Hf–O
bonds,
electrical
influence
methyl
group,
steric
effect
thiophene
unit
all
contribute
their
throughout
wide
pH
range
as
well
water.
Their
proton
conductivity
fully
examined
at
various
relative
humidities
(RHs)
temperatures.
Creating
intricate
rich
H-bonded
networks
between
guest
water
molecules,
coordination
solvent
thiophene-S,
–COOH,
–OH
units
within
framework
assisted
transfer.
As
result,
both
MOFs
manifest
maximum
0.67
×
10–2
4.85
10–3
S·cm–1
under
98%
RH/100
°C,
making
them
top-performing
Zr/Hf-MOFs.
Finally,
by
combining
characteristics
activation
energies,
potential
conduction
pathways
were
identified.
Results in Surfaces and Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15, P. 100218 - 100218
Published: April 12, 2024
Fuel
cells
use
proton
exchange
membranes
(PEMs)
to
transform
a
chemical
energy
into
electricity.
Hydrogen
is
the
most
common
fuel
used
in
cells.
PEMs
are
selective
barriers
that
only
let
protons
pass
through,
obstructing
gases
and
other
species
like
electrons.
A
polymer
electrolyte
substance
containing
both
positively
negatively
charged
ions
generally
create
PEMs.
Nafion
one
perfluorinated
sulfonic
acid
membrane,
which
popular
This
exhibits
great
stability,
strong
mechanical
qualities,
high
conductivity.
have
number
of
issues,
their
propensity
degrade
with
time,
especially
at
temperatures
presence
pollutants.
In
order
address
this,
researchers
looking
new
materials
methods
enhance
performance
durability
PEMs,
such
as
adding
nanomaterials,
coming
up
architectures,
establishing
cutting-edge
manufacturing
techniques.
Biopolymer
based
chitosan
demonstrated
potential
be
They
environmentally
friendly
economical.
However,
key
challenge
using
relatively
poor
ionic
Researchers
developed
various
strategies
improve
conductivity,
doping
conductive
or
incorporating
functional
groups
charge
transfer.
Overall,
has
shown
promise
renewable
sustainable
for
The
review
summarizes
current
development
evolution
chitosan-based
Inorganic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
62(51), P. 21309 - 21321
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
In
the
field
of
proton
conduction,
acquisition
crystalline
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
with
high
stability
and
ultrahigh
conductivity
has
been
great
research
value
is
worth
continuous
exploration.
Here,
we
greenly
synthesized
a
three-dimensional
porous
MOF
(MOF-801-Ce)
by
using
[(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
fumaric
acid
as
starting
materials
solvothermally
Hf-UiO-66-NO2
HfCl4
2-nitroterephthalic
materials.
A
series
measurements
have
shown
that
both
MOFs
exhibit
good
water
stability,
acid-base
thermal
demonstrate
outstanding
conductivity.
At
100
°C
98%
relative
humidity
(RH),
conductivities
(σ)
could
be
2.59
×
10-3
S·cm-1
for
MOF-801-Ce
0.89
Hf-UiO-66-NO2.
To
pursue
higher
conductivity,
further
adopted
evaporation
approach
to
encapsulate
imidazole
molecules
in
pores
two
compounds,
achieving
imidazole-encapsulated
MOFs,
Im@MOF-801-Ce
Im@Hf-UiO-66-NO2.
As
expected,
their
σ
values
were
significantly
boosted
almost
an
order
magnitude
up
10-2
S·cm-1.
Finally,
proton-conductive
mechanisms
explored
light
structural
information,
gas
adsorption/desorption,
other
tests.
The
these
durability
conduction
capability
manifested
they
promise
electrochemical
fields.