Highly Promising Primary Explosive: A Metal-Free, Fluoro-Substituted Azo-Triazole with Unmatched Safety and Performance

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 1031 - 1038

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

A primary explosive is a perfect chemical compound for starting ignition in military and commercial uses. Over the past century, quest lead-free, environmentally friendly explosives has been significant challenge long-standing goal. Here, an innovative organic explosive, (E)-1,2-bis(3-azido-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazene (4), designed synthesized through straightforward three-step reaction from commercially available reagents. Importantly, this integrated two trifluoromethyl azido groups into N,N′-azo-1,2,4-triazole backbone to enhance performance safety. With combination, it meets stringent criteria safer, explosives: being metal perchlorate-free, possessing high density, excellent priming ability, unique sensitivities nonexplosive stimuli. It shows robust environmental resistance, good thermal stability, effective detonation also can be effectively initiated with laser. Moreover, test, 4 successfully detonated 500 mg of PETN ultralow minimum primer charge (MPC) 40 mg, similar traditional LA (MPC: mg) outperforming metal-free ICM-103 60 DDNP 70 mg). The power, combined its synthesis, cost-effectiveness, easy large-scale manufacturing, makes superior alternative currently used such as lead azide (LA) diazodinitrophenol (DDNP).

Language: Английский

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Intramolecular Cyclization and Energetic Group Modifications for Thermally Stable and Low-Sensitivity Monocyclic Dinitromethyl Zwitterionic Pyrazoles

Inorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Zwitterionic energetic materials offer a unique combination of high performance and stability, yet their synthesis stability enhancement remain key challenges. In this study, we report the highly stable (dinitromethyl-functionalized zwitterionic compound, 1-(amino(iminio)methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)dinitromethanide (4), with thermal decomposition temperature 215 °C, surpassing that most previously reported monocyclic zwitterions (Td < 150 °C). This compound was synthesized via intramolecular cyclization trinitromethyl-functionalized hydrazone precursor. Further chemical modifications, including nitration fluorination, enabled zwitterion-to-zwitterion transformations, resulting in formation nitramines 10 12. Additionally, perchlorate salt (8) 4 synthesized, along ammonium (13), guanidinium (14), potassium (15) salts derived from 10, all retaining properties. Physicochemical evaluations reveal zwitterion 12 exhibits excellent = 181 °C) an optimal balance between energy output (detonation velocity: 8329 m s-1, detonation pressure: 29.4 GPa) reduced sensitivity (impact sensitivity: 35 J, friction 320 N). Notably, 15 demonstrates superior 233 °C), exceeding RDX. These results expand design framework for contribute to development high-energy, low-sensitivity materials.

Language: Английский

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Employing Nitrogen–Sulfur Synergy: 1,2,3-Triazole-Thiadiazole-Based Energetic Materials

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

In this study, we synthesized energetic materials integrating thiadiazole and triazole moieties. The newly developed compounds were thoroughly characterized using NMR, IR, elemental analysis, TGA-DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for compound 3). These exhibited acceptable properties, including high densities (1.88–1.92 g cm–3), moderate to good detonation performance (VOD: 6383–8128 m s–1), thermal stability (143–238 °C), less sensitivity impact (>15 J) friction (360 N). Notably, 4 8 achieved superior velocities compared nearly all reported sulfur-based date. This work highlights the significance of triazole-thiadiazole frameworks in development fine-tuning materials.

Language: Английский

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Towards advanced N-rich energetic explosives: based on tetrazole and triazole groups with large conjugated systems and extensive hydrogen bonds

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The N3-3 molecule has achieved superior overall performance among N-rich energetic materials ( T d = 302 °C and D v 9341 m s −1 ), which significantly surpasses that of HMX.

Language: Английский

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The molecular structure, electronic properties, and decomposition mechanism of FOX-7 under external electric field were calculated based on density functional theory

Journal of Molecular Modeling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(12)

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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