Plant Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Mitochondrial Health: An Overview of Their Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Mitophagic Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 380 - 380

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are a diverse group of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and terpenoids, which have been recognised for their critical role in modulating cellular functions. This review provides comprehensive analysis the effects PSMs on mitochondrial health, with particular emphasis therapeutic potential. Emerging evidence shows that these improve function by reducing oxidative stress, promoting biogenesis, regulating key processes such as apoptosis mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction, hallmark many pathologies, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, has shown to benefit from protective PSMs. Recent studies show can dynamics, stabilise membranes, enhance bioenergetics, offering significant promise prevention treatment mitochondrial-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying effects, modulation signalling pathways direct interactions proteins, discussed. integration into strategies is highlighted promising avenue improving efficacy while minimising side commonly associated synthetic drugs. also highlights need future research elucidate specific roles individual synergistic within complex plant matrices, may further optimise utility. Overall, this work valuable insights health potential natural agents targeting dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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l-Theanine: From Tea Leaf to Trending Supplement – Does the Science Match the Hype for Brain Health and Relaxation?

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 39 - 48

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

l-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found abundantly in tea leaves. Interest its potential use as dietary supplement has surged recently, especially claims related to promoting relaxation and cognitive enhancement. This review surveys the chemistry, metabolism, purported biological activities of l-theanine. It well absorbed from intestine can cross blood-brain barrier. Some studies suggest l-theanine may increase alpha waves brain associated with selective attention, reduce stress anxiety, improve sleep quality, though findings are often inconsistent. Potential neuroprotective anti-seizure effects have also been reported animal models. When combined caffeine, performance, alertness focus. However, evidence supporting many health remains limited, lack rigorous human clinical trials. While exhibits good safety profile based on toxicology studies, caution warranted regarding benefits, until stronger scientific substantiation emerges. Overall, mechanisms action therapeutic require further investigation, given current interest increasing popularity this nutraceutical marketed for relaxation. In absence well-designed carefully controlled trials, we would urge supplements at pharmacologic doses by wider population, believe that science does not yet match hype behind trending

Language: Английский

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Phytochemicals and their Nanoformulations for Overcoming Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Pharmaceutical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tricetin, a Dietary Flavonoid, Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Promotes Autophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among older adults, significantly impairs behavioral and cognitive functions, posing a severe threat to patients' health quality of life. The Tricetin (TRN), natural flavonoid found in wheat, pomegranate, eucalyptus honey, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective properties. However, its role context AD not been previously explored. This study investigated antineuroinflammatory autophagic protective effects TRN lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells D-galactose/sodium nitrite/aluminum chloride (D-gal/NaNO2/AlCl3)-induced mice. RNA sequencing examined underlying mechanisms by which ameliorates AD-related pathologies. Our research findings revealed that improved memory mobility mice, reduced Aβ deposition, inhibited Tau protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, regulated enzyme activities pathological markers associated with AD. Moreover, it modulated inflammatory mediators, nuclear translocation NF-κB LPS-induced cells, exerted anti-inflammatory via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, robust vitro vivo models regulating These highlight potential as promising therapeutic agent for treating

Language: Английский

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Poria cocos Polysaccharide Delays Aging by Enhancing the Antioxidant Ability and Suppressing the Expression of the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transferase-Encoding Gene in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP), the main component of cocos, possess a variety biological activities, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, whether PCP has an antiaging effect remains unclear. Here, we studied beneficial effects mechanism on delaying aging using Drosophila model. The results showed that dietary supplementation significantly extended lifespan, improved climbing ability, attenuated intestinal barrier dysfunction, alleviated gastrointestinal acid-base imbalance, prevented stem cells (ISCs) hyperproliferation. In addition, notably increased activities SOD CAT reduced content MDA. Furthermore, RNA-Seq led to differential expression 638 genes. KEGG analysis revealed these differentially expressed genes were strongly enriched in signaling pathway cofactor biosynthesis. Among genes, branched-chain amino acid transferase-encoding gene (bcat) was downregulated. bcat-knockdown prolonged flies' while bcat-overexpression lifespan. Interestingly, addition can rescue lifespan background bcat-overexpression. Taken together, our data indicate delays by enhancing ability suppressing bcat Drosophila.

Language: Английский

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Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) extracts

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition which can result in severe long-term complications, and current treatments often have significant side effects. As result, there growing interest identifying novel α-amylase α-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety profiles. Natural products emerged as promising source of such compounds. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential solvent extracts phenolic compounds from Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Methods: Dried leaves stem bark were extracted using aqueous absolute ethanol, yielding ALE, ASE, ELE, ESE. We assessed their TPC, TFC, antioxidant capacity. The efficacy these HPLC-identified was evaluated through in vitro computational analyses inhibition. Results: ASE ALE demonstrated high polyphenol flavonoid content, along strong dose-dependent activity (FRAC, TAC, DPPH, NO scavenging). ASE highest inhibition, comparable to metformin (p > 0.05). Molecular docking analysis showed interactions between both α-glucosidase, binding affinities metformin. Notably, rutin exhibited scores -7.736 -7.098 kcal/mol for respectively, outperforming (-4.305 -4.094 kcal/mol). Conclusion: These findings suggest that A. its hold promise potent safer diabetes treatment.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the anti-aging potential of natural products and plant extracts in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 1265 - 1265

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Historically, plant derived natural products and their crude extracts have been used to treat a wide range of ailments across the world. Biogerontology research aims explore molecular basis aging discover new anti-aging therapeutic compounds or formulations combat detrimental effects promote healthy life span. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been, continues be, an indispensable model organism in field biomedical for discovering S. preserved nutritional signaling pathways (such as target rapamycin (TOR)-Sch9 Ras-AC-PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) pathways, shows two distinct paradigms chronological span (CLS) replicative (RLS). This review explores properties products, predominantly from plants, phytoextracts using organism.

Language: Английский

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