Coarse-grained
molecular
dynamics
simulations
enable
the
modeling
of
increasingly
complex
systems
at
millisecond
timescales.
The
transferable
coarse-grained
force
field
Martini
3
has
shown
great
promise
in
a
wide
range
biochemical
processes,
yet
folded
proteins
are
not
stable
without
application
external
bias
potentials
like
elastic
networks
or
Go-like
models.
We
herein
develop
an
algorithm,
called
OLIVES,
which
identifies
native
contacts
with
hydrogen
bond
capabilities
and
use
it
to
implement
novel
model
for
3.
show
that
protein
structure
instability
originates,
part,
from
lack
energy
representation.
By
using
realistic
energies
obtained
literature
ab
initio
calculations,
is
demonstrated
stability
can
be
recovered
by
reintroduction
network
OLIVES
removes
need
secondary
restraints.
validated
against
known
complexes,
same
time
addresses
open
question
whether
there
quaternary
simulations.
It
reduce
number
terms,
hereby
speeding
up
≈
30
%
on
GPU
architecture
compared
established
GoMARTINI
model.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 16, 2024
ABSTRACT
Coarse-grained
modeling
has
become
an
important
tool
to
supplement
experimental
measurements,
allowing
access
spatio-temporal
scales
beyond
all-atom
based
approaches.
The
GōMartini
model
combines
structure-
and
physics-based
coarse-grained
approaches,
balancing
computational
efficiency
accurate
representation
of
protein
dynamics
with
the
capabilities
studying
proteins
in
different
biological
environments.
This
paper
introduces
enhanced
model,
which
a
virtual-site
implementation
Gō
models
Martini
3.
been
extensively
tested
by
community
since
release
new
version
Martini.
work
demonstrates
diverse
case
studies,
ranging
from
protein-membrane
binding
protein-ligand
interactions
AFM
force
profile
calculations.
is
also
versatile,
as
it
can
address
recent
inaccuracies
reported
model.
Lastly,
discusses
advantages,
limitations,
future
perspectives
3
its
combination
models.
Protein Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
33(11)
Published: Oct. 16, 2024
Many
proteins
contain
more
than
one
folded
domain,
and
such
modular
multi-domain
help
expand
the
functional
repertoire
of
proteins.
Because
their
larger
size
often
substantial
dynamics,
it
may
be
difficult
to
characterize
conformational
ensembles
by
simulations.
Here,
we
present
a
coarse-grained
model
for
that
is
both
fast
provides
an
accurate
description
global
properties
in
solution.
We
show
accuracy
one-bead-per-residue
depends
on
how
interaction
sites
domains
are
represented.
Specifically,
find
excessive
domain-domain
interactions
if
located
at
position
C
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Time-averaged
restraints
from
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
measurements
have
been
implemented
in
the
UNRES
coarse-grained
model
of
polypeptide
chains
order
to
develop
a
tool
for
data-assisted
modeling
conformational
ensembles
multistate
proteins,
intrinsically
disordered
proteins
(IDPs)
and
with
regions
(IDRs),
many
which
are
essential
cell
biology.
A
numerically
stable
variant
molecular
dynamics
time-averaged
has
introduced,
total
energy
is
conserved
sections
trajectory
microcanonical
runs,
bath
temperature
maintained
canonical
time-average-restraint-force
components
scaled
up
length
memory
window
so
that
affect
simulated
structures.
The
new
approach
restores
used
generate
ensemble-averaged
distances,
as
demonstrated
synthetic
restraints.
results
better
fitting
interproton
distances
those
determined
experimentally
regions,
puts
it
at
an
advantage
over
all-atom
approaches
regard
determination
diffuse
structures,
owing
faster
more
robust
search.
Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Lipid-mediated
delivery
of
active
pharmaceutical
ingredients
(API)
opened
new
possibilities
in
advanced
therapies.
By
encapsulating
an
API
into
a
lipid
nanocarrier
(LNC),
one
can
safely
deliver
APIs
not
soluble
water,
those
with
otherwise
strong
adverse
effects,
or
very
fragile
ones
such
as
nucleic
acids.
However,
for
the
rational
design
LNCs,
detailed
understanding
composition-structure-function
relationships
is
missing.
This
review
presents
currently
available
computational
methods
LNC
investigation,
screening,
and
design.
The
state-of-the-art
physics-based
approaches
are
described,
focus
on
molecular
dynamics
simulations
all-atom
coarse-grained
resolution.
Their
strengths
weaknesses
discussed,
highlighting
aspects
necessary
obtaining
reliable
results
simulations.
Furthermore,
machine
learning,
i.e.,
data-based
approach
to
lipid-mediated
introduced.
data
produced
by
experimental
theoretical
provide
valuable
insights.
Processing
these
help
optimize
LNCs
better
performance.
In
final
section
this
Review,
computer
reviewed,
specifically
addressing
compatibility
ACS Central Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 302 - 321
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Biomolecular
condensates
composed
of
highly
charged
biomolecules,
such
as
DNA,
RNA,
chromatin,
and
nucleic-acid
binding
proteins,
are
ubiquitous
in
the
cell
nucleus.
The
biophysical
properties
these
charge-rich
largely
regulated
by
electrostatic
interactions.
Residue-resolution
coarse-grained
models
that
describe
solvent
ions
implicitly
widely
used
to
gain
mechanistic
insights
into
condensates,
offering
transferability,
computational
efficiency,
accurate
predictions
for
multiple
systems.
However,
their
predictive
accuracy
diminishes
due
implicit
treatment
ions.
Here,
we
present
Mpipi-Recharged,
a
residue-resolution
model
improves
description
charge
effects
biomolecular
containing
disordered
multidomain
and/or
single-stranded
RNAs.
Mpipi-Recharged
introduces
pair-specific
asymmetric
Yukawa
potential,
informed
atomistic
simulations.
We
show
this
coarse-graining
forces
captures
intricate
effects,
blockiness,
stoichiometry
variations
complex
coacervates,
modulation
salt
concentration,
without
requiring
explicit
solvation.
provides
excellent
agreement
with
experiments
predicting
phase
behavior
condensates.
Overall,
tools
available
investigate
physicochemical
mechanisms
regulating
enhancing
scope
computer
simulations
field.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: March 24, 2025
Coarse-grained
(CG)
molecular
dynamics
(MD)
is
widely
used
for
the
efficient
simulation
of
intrinsically
disordered
proteins
(IDPs).
The
Martini
model,
one
most
popular
CG
force
fields
in
biomolecular
simulation,
was
reported
to
yield
too
compact
IDP
conformations,
limiting
its
applications.
Addressing
this,
we
optimized
bonded
parameters
based
on
fitting
reference
simulations
a
diverse
set
IDPs
at
atomistic
resolution,
resulting
Martini3-based
protein
model
coined
Martini3-IDP.
This
leads
expanded
greatly
improving
reproduction
experimentally
measured
radii
gyration.
Moreover,
contrary
ad-hoc
fixes
scaling
protein-protein
or
protein-water
interactions,
Martini3-IDP
keeps
overall
interaction
balance
underlying
3.
To
validate
that,
perform
comprehensive
testing
including
full-length
multidomain
proteins,
IDP-lipid
membrane
binding
and
IDP-small
molecule
binding,
confirming
ability
successfully
capture
complex
interplay
between
components.
Finally,
recently
emerging
concept
condensate,
through
liquid-liquid
phase
separation,
also
reproduced
by
number
both
homotypic
heterotypic
systems.
With
improved
expand
simulate
processes
involving
environments,
spatio-temporal
scales
inaccessible
with
all-atom
models.
Here,
authors
introduce
Martini3-IDP,
refined
that
addresses
prior
over-compact
structures.
Validated
across
systems,
it
captures
interactions
condensates.
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 5, 2024
Coarse-grained
molecular
dynamics
simulations
enable
the
modeling
of
increasingly
complex
systems
at
millisecond
timescales.
The
transferable
coarse-grained
force
field
Martini
3
has
shown
great
promise
in
a
wide
range
biochemical
processes,
yet
folded
proteins
are
not
stable
without
application
external
bias
potentials,
such
as
elastic
networks
or
Go̅-like
models.
We
herein
develop
an
algorithm,
called
OLIVES,
which
identifies
native
contacts
with
hydrogen
bond
capabilities
and
use
it
to
implement
novel
model
for
3.
show
that
protein
structure
instability
originates
part
from
lack
energy
representation.
By
using
realistic
energies
obtained
literature
ab
initio
calculations,
is
demonstrated
stability
can
be
recovered
by
reintroduction
network
OLIVES
removes
need
secondary
restraints.
validated
against
known
complexes
same
time
addresses
open
question
whether
there
quaternary
simulations.
It
reduce
number
terms,
hereby
speeding
up
≈30%
on
GPU
architecture
compared
established
Go̅MARTINI
model.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
Abstract
Many
proteins
contain
more
than
one
folded
domain,
and
such
modular
multi-domain
help
expand
the
functional
repertoire
of
proteins.
Because
their
larger
size
often
substantial
dynamics,
it
may
be
difficult
to
characterize
conformational
ensembles
by
simulations.
Here,
we
present
a
coarse-grained
model
for
that
is
both
fast
provides
an
accurate
description
global
properties
in
solution.
We
show
accuracy
one-bead-per-residue
depends
on
how
interaction
sites
domains
are
represented.
Specifically,
find
excessive
domain-domain
interactions
if
located
at
position
C
α
atoms.
also
centre
mass
residue,
obtain
good
agreement
between
simulations
experiments
across
wide
range
then
optimize
our
previously
described
CALVADOS
using
this
centre-of-mass
representation,
validate
resulting
independent
data.
Finally,
use
revised
simulate
phase
separation
disordered
proteins,
examine
stability
differ
dilute
dense
phases.
Our
results
provide
starting
point
understanding
regions
these
affect
propensity
self-associate
undergo
separation.