Catalytic Construction of C(sp3)‐Ge Bonds: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives DOI
Jia‐Lin Tu, Binbin Huang

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 366(22), P. 4618 - 4633

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Abstract Germanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those more challenging C( sp 3 )−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes recent advances forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) versatility transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts broadening reaction scope controlling selectivity; (2) powerfulness organic photocatalysis achieving mild selective formation, (3) sustainability catalytic electrosynthesis facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, well mechanistic proposals, these protocols highlighted. Through an overview current state research, this aims to offer insights into construction bonds, provide perspectives future research directions address challenges.

Language: Английский

Photocatalytic Germylation via Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer DOI

Wenshan Wang,

Yan Liu,

Qiang Gao

et al.

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Comprehensive Summary An innovative visible‐light‐driven direct hydrogen atom transfer ( d ‐HAT) of Ge–H bond has been developed, wherein the photoexcited 9,10‐phenanthraquinone PC HAT 9 ) serves as an efficient photocatalyst for generation germanium‐centered radicals from germanium hydrides including Ph 3 GeH, n Bu and 2 GeH . By employing hypervalent iodine reagents SOMOphiles, this protocol facilitates streamlined germylation through a mechanism involving germyl radical addition followed by β‐cleavage carboxyl to yield diverse array ethynyl‐, vinyl‐, nitrile‐, phenyl‐functionalized germanes. The methodological leap signifies noteworthy departure previous photocatalytic indirect i relying on combined usage SET with abstractors, which not only advances methodology creating in fashion but also provides access structurally novel pharmaceutically promising organogermanium compounds that are difficult synthesize routine methods.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Catalytic Construction of C(sp3)‐Ge Bonds: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives DOI
Jia‐Lin Tu, Binbin Huang

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 366(22), P. 4618 - 4633

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Abstract Germanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those more challenging C( sp 3 )−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes recent advances forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) versatility transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts broadening reaction scope controlling selectivity; (2) powerfulness organic photocatalysis achieving mild selective formation, (3) sustainability catalytic electrosynthesis facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, well mechanistic proposals, these protocols highlighted. Through an overview current state research, this aims to offer insights into construction bonds, provide perspectives future research directions address challenges.

Language: Английский

Citations

1