Non-Invasive Real-Time Monitoring of Bacterial Activity by Non-Contact Impedance Spectroscopy for Off-the-Shelf Labware

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 2427 - 2427

Published: April 11, 2025

Monitoring bacterial activity is essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. However, current benchmark measurements, i.e., optical density (OD), exhibit a limited dynamic range require transparent or translucent media. Conventional impedance spectroscopy involves direct electrode contact with the medium biofilm, potentially perturbing sample environment compromising measurement fidelity. Moreover, many real-time methods rely on costly, specialized labware that limits scalability versatility. Here, we introduce non-contact (NCIS) technique customizable electrodes off-the-shelf show data collected from KCl solution series agree well simplest electrolytic conductivity cell model solution, demonstrating accuracy simplicity of NCIS. As an example monitoring, NCIS was performed in glass laboratory bottles 24-well plates which Staphylococcus epidermidis Escherichia coli cultures were inoculated into Brain Heart Infusion media, maintained at 37 °C. Comparative OD measurements acquired intermittently same media exhibited strong correlation between data, confirming reliability reproducibility. The culture verified by Raman assisted machine learning. eliminates risks contamination alteration, minimizing costs operational complexity providing scalable, versatile biological chemical research.

Language: Английский

Graphene Derivatives as Efficient Transducing Materials for Covalent Immobilization of Biocomponents in Electrochemical Biosensors

ChemElectroChem, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

This review highlights the role of graphene derivatives in advancing electrochemical biosensors for applications diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial sensing. Graphene derivatives, including oxide (GO), reduced GO, wide range graphenes prepared via fluorographene chemistry, represent a prominent class transducing materials biosensor development. Their ability to support covalent immobilization biocomponents ensures stability, specificity, long‐term performance, addressing limitations noncovalent methods. Advances fabrication, such as laser‐assisted reduction, enable scalable cost‐effective production conductive graphene‐based electrodes. Covalent functionalization techniques, like carbodiimide coupling click facilitate integration with bioreceptors, leading highly selective biosensors. Emerging approaches, inkjet printing inks onto eco‐friendly substrates, promise sustainable portable diagnostic devices. These advances aligned modern technologies. Future efforts must focus on production, improved multiplexing, sustainability fully harness potential

Language: Английский