Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Synaptic homeostasis of the principal neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA is tightly regulated by an intricate metabolic coupling between neurons astrocytes known as glutamate/GABA‐glutamine cycle. In this cycle, take up from synapse convert these into glutamine. Astrocytic glutamine subsequently transferred to neurons, serving precursor for neuronal synthesis. The cycle integrates multiple cellular processes, including neurotransmitter release, uptake, synthesis, metabolism. All processes are deeply interdependent closely coupled energy Astrocytes display highly active mitochondrial oxidative metabolism several unique features, glycogen storage pyruvate carboxylation, which essential sustain continuous release. However, new roles oligodendrocytes microglia in recycling emerging. Malfunction can lead severe synaptic disruptions may be implicated brain diseases. Here, I review central aspects recent advances highlight how functionally connected critical functions First, overview glutamate, GABA, transport provided relation recycling. Then, reviewed, with a special emphasis on glial cells. Finally, discuss aberrant linked neurodegeneration disease, focusing astrocyte dysfunction lipid emerging pathological mechanisms. Instead viewing individual biochemical more holistic integrative approach needed advance our understanding modulates function both health disease. image
Language: Английский