International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 71 - 89
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Dimethyl
fumarate
(DMF),
the
first-line
oral
therapy
for
relapsing-remitting
multiple
sclerosis,
is
rapidly
metabolized
into
monomethyl
fumarate.
The
DMF
administration
provokes
gastrointestinal
discomfort
causing
treatment
withdrawal.
present
study
aimed
to
develop
an
innovative
formulation
nasal
administration.
Lipid-polymer
hybrid
nanoparticles
(LPNs)
were
developed
improve
stability,
limiting
side
effects
and
increasing
brain
bioavailability
by
nose-to-brain
targeting
application.
DMF-loaded
unloaded
LPNs
with
or
without
hyaluronic
acid
(HA)
prepared
using
nanoprecipitation
via
magnetic/mechanical
stirring
technique.
Particle
morphology
surface
properties
evaluated;
drug
content,
viscosity,
mucoadhesion
determined.
Physico-chemical
stability
of
in
was
also
explored.
In
vitro
permeation
experiments
performed
utilizing
PermeaPad
average
sizes
120-250
nm
a
negative
zeta
potential
-17.3
-43
mV
obtained,
primarily
influenced
presence
HA.
HA
assured
up
60
days
promoting
compared
free-DMF.
greatly
improved
viscosity
mucoadhesive
properties.
did
not
exhibit
any
cytotoxicity
showed
rapid
cell
uptake
starting
from
15
min
2
h
best
internalization
after
1
both
epithelial
neuronal
lines.
Nasal
allowed
quantify
about
12
μg/mL
rat
cerebrospinal
fluid.
results
highlight
role
improving
performance
as
carrier
particular,
appear
able
enter
neurons
monolayers
cells,
allowing
promote
delivery.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 481 - 481
Published: April 1, 2024
The
nose-to-brain
drug-delivery
system
has
emerged
as
a
promising
strategy
to
overcome
the
challenges
associated
with
conventional
drug
administration
for
central
nervous
disorders.
This
emerging
field
is
driven
by
anatomical
advantages
of
nasal
route,
enabling
direct
transport
drugs
from
cavity
brain,
thereby
circumventing
blood–brain
barrier.
review
highlights
significance
features
cavity,
emphasizing
its
high
permeability
and
rich
blood
supply
that
facilitate
rapid
absorption
onset
action,
rendering
it
domain
neurological
therapeutics.
Exploring
recent
developments
innovations
in
different
nanocarriers
such
liposomes,
polymeric
nanoparticles,
solid
lipid
dendrimers,
micelles,
nanoemulsions,
nanosuspensions,
carbon
nanotubes,
mesoporous
silica
nanogels
unveils
their
diverse
functions
improving
efficiency
targeting
specificity
within
this
system.
To
minimize
potential
risk
nanoparticle-induced
toxicity
mucosa,
article
also
delves
into
latest
advancements
formulation
strategies
commonly
involving
surface
modifications,
incorporating
cutting-edge
materials,
adjustment
particle
properties,
development
novel
formulations
improve
stability,
release
kinetics,
specificity.
These
approaches
aim
enhance
while
minimizing
adverse
effects.
hold
catalyze
advancement
safer
more
efficient
systems,
consequently
revolutionizing
treatments
provides
valuable
resource
researchers,
clinicians,
pharmaceutical-industry
professionals
seeking
advance
effective
safe
therapies
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
95, P. 105564 - 105564
Published: March 12, 2024
The
nasal
route
has
routinely
been
used
in
the
local
delivery
of
drugs,
however
with
innovations
nanotechnology,
there
increased
interest
exploring
this
more
for
systemic,
and
brain/CNS
delivery.
This
is
because
safe,
non-invasive,
medications
can
be
self-administered
to
achieve
rapid
therapeutic
drug
levels
minimal
doses.
Polymeric
nanoparticles
(NPs)
such
as
PLGA
NPs
have
a
wide
range
applications
delivery,
due
their
large
surface
area
modification
targeting
ligands
polymers
which
enhances
cellular
uptake,
bioavailability
at
target
sites.
review
covers
recent
research
on
use
small
molecule
drugs
macromolecules
via
route.
It
some
background
information
about
challenges
delivering
most
common
polymer
coatings
are
highlighted.
Finally,
patents
clinical
trials
also
covered.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(8), P. 1059 - 1059
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Inhaled
nanoparticle
(NP)
therapy
poses
intricate
challenges
in
clinical
and
pharmacodynamic
realms.
Recent
strides
have
revolutionized
NP
technology
by
enabling
the
incorporation
of
diverse
molecules,
thus
circumventing
systemic
clearance
mechanisms
enhancing
drug
effectiveness
while
mitigating
side
effects.
Despite
established
success
delivery
oncology
other
disciplines,
exploration
inhaled
therapies
remains
relatively
nascent.
NPs
loaded
with
bronchodilators
or
anti-inflammatory
agents
exhibit
promising
potential
for
precise
distribution
throughout
bronchial
tree,
offering
targeted
treatment
respiratory
diseases.
This
article
conducts
a
comprehensive
review
applications
medicine,
highlighting
their
merits,
ranging
from
heightened
stability
to
exacting
lung-specific
delivery.
It
also
explores
cutting-edge
technologies
optimizing
NP-loaded
aerosol
systems,
complemented
insights
gleaned
trials.
Furthermore,
examines
current
future
prospects
NP-based
therapies.
By
synthesizing
data
perspectives,
underscores
transformative
promise
NP-mediated
addressing
chronic
conditions
such
as
obstructive
pulmonary
disease,
pressing
global
health
concern
ranked
third
mortality
rates.
overview
illuminates
evolving
landscape
inhalation
therapies,
presenting
optimistic
avenues
advancing
medicine
improving
patient
outcomes.
Polysaccharides,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 6 - 6
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
The
nasal
cavity
has
become
a
focal
point
for
drug
delivery
research.
Beyond
its
use
in
treating
local
diseases,
the
route
is
appealing
due
ability
to
deliver
systemically
potent
drugs
with
low
oral
bioavailability.
Recent
interest
vaccination
driven
significant
pre-clinical
and
clinical
advancements.
Further
R&D
holds
promise
expanding
medications,
offering
innovative
healthcare
solutions.
This
review
explores
strategies
using
polysaccharides
enhance
of
hydrophilic
drugs,
peptides,
proteins,
genes,
other
active
compounds
that
typically
struggle
permeate
epithelium.
Polysaccharides
are
attractive
excipients
their
potential
absorption,
regulate
release,
extend
residence
time
through
bioadhesive
properties.
Studies
on
mechanisms
affecting
toxicities,
applications
will
also
be
reviewed
considering
particularities
epithelium
anatomy
physiology.
Most
products
these
evaluation,
but
PecFent,
pectin-based
formulation,
approved
administration
opioids
breakthrough
cancer
pain,
faster
pain
relief
better
benefit–risk
ratio
pectin.
Other
like
chitosan,
cyclodextrins,
hyaluronic
acid,
alginate
have
shown
enhancing
absorption.
approach
transport
from
CNS
(nose-to-brain),
potentially
advancing
treatments
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Gels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 82 - 82
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Cilostazol
(CIL),
a
BCS
class
II
antiplatelet
aggregation
and
vasodilator
agent,
is
used
for
cerebrovascular
diseases
to
minimize
blood–brain
barrier
dysfunction,
white
matter-lesion
formation,
motor
deficits.
The
current
work
aimed
develop
optimize
cilostazol-loaded
spanlastics
(CIL-SPA)
nose-to-brain
delivery
overcome
the
low
solubility
absorption,
first
pass-metabolism,
adverse
effects.
optimal
CIL-SPA
formulation
was
loaded
into
Phytagel®
(SPA-PG),
Poloxamer-407
(SPA-P407),
chitosan
(SPA-CS)
gel
bases
characterized
in
terms
of
colloidal
properties,
encapsulation
efficiency
(EE%),
mucoadhesive
biopharmaceutical
aspects.
developed
situ
gelling
formulations
showed
<300
nm
average
hydrodynamic
diameter,
<0.5
polydispersity
index,
>|±30|
mV
zeta
potential
with
high
EE%
(>99%).
All
met
droplet
size-distribution
criteria
nasal
requirements
(<200
µm),
all
adequate
mucoadhesion
properties.
Both
BBB-PAMPA
horizontal
permeability
study
through
an
artificial
membrane
revealed
that
had
higher
CIL
flux
cumulative
at
vitro
conditions
compared
initial
CIL.
drug-release
released
ca.
100%
after
2
h.
Therefore,
could
be
promising
improving
bioavailability
delivery.