The Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
The
evolution
of
energetic
materials
science
presents
new
challenging
tasks
associated
with
the
creation
advanced
technologies
for
sustainable
development
future.
In
this
work,
a
set
heat-resistant
high-energy
incorporating
polynitrophenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole
scaffold
enriched
azo/azoxy
moieties
have
been
designed
and
synthesized.
Due
to
smart
combination
explosophoric
groups
1,2,5-oxadiazole
rings,
prepared
substances
excellent
thermal
stability
(up
300
°C),
good
densities
1.75
g
cm–3),
high
enthalpies
formation
(340–538
kJ
mol–1),
combined
nitrogen–oxygen
content
(63–68%).
In-depth
structural
analysis
revealed
presence
strong
intra-
intermolecular
hydrogen
bonds
in
aminodinitrophenyl
derivatives,
which
small
deviation
electrostatic
potential
values
explains
low
mechanical
sensitivity
these
materials.
At
same
time,
trinitrophenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazoles
three
adjacent
non-coplanar
nitro
demonstrated
higher
impact,
albeit
retaining
complete
insensitivity
friction.
overall
performance
thus
exceeds
that
known
explosive
hexanitrostilbene.
Therefore,
newly
synthesized
family
polynitrophenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazoles
provides
fruitful
foundation
JACS Au,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(2), P. 1031 - 1038
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
A
primary
explosive
is
a
perfect
chemical
compound
for
starting
ignition
in
military
and
commercial
uses.
Over
the
past
century,
quest
lead-free,
environmentally
friendly
explosives
has
been
significant
challenge
long-standing
goal.
Here,
an
innovative
organic
explosive,
(E)-1,2-bis(3-azido-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazene
(4),
designed
synthesized
through
straightforward
three-step
reaction
from
commercially
available
reagents.
Importantly,
this
integrated
two
trifluoromethyl
azido
groups
into
N,N′-azo-1,2,4-triazole
backbone
to
enhance
performance
safety.
With
combination,
it
meets
stringent
criteria
safer,
explosives:
being
metal
perchlorate-free,
possessing
high
density,
excellent
priming
ability,
unique
sensitivities
nonexplosive
stimuli.
It
shows
robust
environmental
resistance,
good
thermal
stability,
effective
detonation
also
can
be
effectively
initiated
with
laser.
Moreover,
test,
4
successfully
detonated
500
mg
of
PETN
ultralow
minimum
primer
charge
(MPC)
40
mg,
similar
traditional
LA
(MPC:
mg)
outperforming
metal-free
ICM-103
60
DDNP
70
mg).
The
power,
combined
its
synthesis,
cost-effectiveness,
easy
large-scale
manufacturing,
makes
superior
alternative
currently
used
such
as
lead
azide
(LA)
diazodinitrophenol
(DDNP).
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Abstract
The
quest
for
high‐performance
energetic
materials
defense
and
aerospace
has
intensified,
focusing
on
balancing
energy
output
safety.
This
study
presents
the
synthesis
of
3D
metal‐organic
frameworks
(EMOFs)
[Na
3
(DNT)(H
2
O)]
n
(
Na‐MOF
),
[K
(DNT)
(H
K‐MOF
[Cs
(DNT)]
Cs‐MOF
)
using
1,2,4‐dinitrimino
triazole
through
a
hydrothermal
process.
synthesized
EMOFs
are
characterized
infrared
spectroscopy,
powder
X‐ray
diffraction,
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
elemental
analysis,
thermogravimetric
analysis
differential
calorimetry,
structures
confirmed
via
single‐crystal
revealing
with
crystal
densities
2.15,
2.16,
2.86
g
cm
−3
,
respectively.
Among
them,
exhibits
excellent
detonation
performance
(VOD
=
8900
m
s
−1
DP
26.21
GPa),
high
thermal
stability
(T
d
369
°C),
insensitivity
to
impact
friction
(IS
40
J,
FS
360
N).
displays
balanced
mechanical
properties,
while
though
moderate
in
performance,
shows
significant
potential
pyrotechnic
applications,
producing
bright
red
flame.
Intermolecular
interactions
analyzed
Hirshfeld
surface,
2D
fingerprint,
SEM
analyses,
enhancing
understanding
particle
size
morphology.
also
demonstrates
iodine
encapsulation
capacity,
positioning
it
as
replacement
traditional
like
RDX
heat‐resistant
explosives
such
HNS,
comparability
PYX.
The
fully
nitrated
azole-based
energetic
materials
are
high
in
energy
but
unstable,
which
limits
their
practical
applications.
Tetrazole,
with
its
formation
enthalpy
and
intrinsic
acidic
hydrogen,
can
react
nitrogen-rich
bases,
further
enhancing
both
the
stability.
Consequently,
we
replaced
C-nitro
group
1,2,4-triazole
C-tetrazole,
resulting
synthesis
of
1-(trinitromethyl)-5-nitroimino-3-tetrazole-1,2,4-triazole
(TNTT,
4).
salts
1-(dinitromethyl)-5-nitroimino-3-tetrazole-1,2,4-triazole
(DNTT)
were
synthesized
via
a
metathesis
reaction
bases
derived
from
silver
salts.
All
newly
prepared
structures
(4
7–10)
characterized
by
using
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction.
Among
these
compounds,
salt
9
exhibited
best
overall
performance,
an
elevated
decomposition
temperature
(Td
=
181
°C),
mechanical
stability
(IS
17.5
J,
FS
216
N)
detonation
velocity
(D
9337
m
s–1)
surpassed
those
HMX,
making
it
promising
candidate
for
secondary
explosives.
Additionally,
N2H5+
8
K+
10
demonstrated
low
sensitivity
≥
27.5
>
360
due
to
hydrogen-bonded
organic
frameworks
metal–organic
frameworks.
Organic Letters,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
A
set
of
novel
biheterocyclic
energetic
materials
incorporating
the
4-nitroisoxazole
scaffold
was
synthesized.
Thus,
prepared
species
demonstrated
excellent
thermal
stability
(181–244
°C),
good
densities
(1.71–1.74
g·cm–3),
and
detonation
velocities
(7.6–8.3
km
s–1),
while
retaining
insensitivity
to
friction.
To
best
our
knowledge,
this
is
first
example
an
incorporation
into
structure
high-energy
materials.
Dalton Transactions,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
preparation
of
new
energetic
materials
comprising
the
poorly
explored
2,5-disubstituted
tetrazole
scaffold
as
a
central
structural
motif
coupled
with
oxadiazole
rings
is
reported.
Dalton Transactions,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
53(48), P. 19112 - 19115
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Sulfur-based
energetic
materials
3
to
7
were
synthesized
considering
the
limited
availability
of
structural
combinations
polynitrogen-
and
oxygen-based
organic
scaffolds,
thereby
advancing
their
limits.
Nitrogen
heterocyclic
scaffolds
retain
their
leading
position
as
valuable
building
blocks
in
material
science,
particularly
for
the
design
of
small-molecule
energetic
materials.
However,
search
more
balanced
combinations
directly
linked
cores
is
far
from
being
exhausted
and
aims
to
reach
ideally
high-energy
substances.
Herein,
we
present
synthetic
route
novel
pyrazole-furoxan
framework
enriched
with
nitro
groups
demonstrate
a
promising
set
properties,
viz.,
good
thermal
stability,
acceptable
mechanical
sensitivity,
high
detonation
performance.
In-depth
crystal
analysis
showed
that
isomers
having
lower-impact
sensitivity
values
both
types
regioisomeric
pairs
are
those
exocyclic
furoxan
oxygen
atom
closer
pyrazole
ring.
Owing
favorable
combination
densities
(1.83-1.93
g
cm
