Energetic 1H-Imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine-2,4,7-triamine: A Novel Nitrogen-rich Fused Heterocyclic Cation with High Density DOI

Yunfei Jia,

Qing Ma, Zhenqi Zhang

et al.

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 3406 - 3412

Published: April 15, 2020

Fused heterocyclic energetic cation was rarely reported despite the development of has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this work, a new 1H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine-2,4,7-triamine synthesized one-step reaction, which used as to prepare perchlorate. Interestingly, when synthesis accomplished different conditions, two crystal forms perchlorate α-4 and β-4 were obtained, further confirmed by X-ray single diffraction, powder diffractograms, infrared multinuclear NMR spectra. These salts showed high density (1.88–1.93 g cm–3 at 293(2) K), moderate detonation performance (D, 8128–8437 m s–1; P, 29.4–32.86 GPa) good thermal stability (Td: 272–274 °C). Compared with those known perchlorates, sensitivity (IS, 14–20 J; FS, 144–168 J) 4 also significantly improved. Through theoretical calculations experiment results, explanations for differences physicochemical properties these illustrated. Density overlap indicator (DORI) analysis employed perform necessary visualization quantification covalent noncovalent interactions. It is evident that ionic bonds, hydrogen π–π interactions are responsible excellent perchlorate, indicating as-synthesized material very promising construction low-sensitivity high-energy compounds.

Language: Английский

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds DOI Creative Commons
Shijie Zhang, Zhenguo Gao, Di Lan

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 3475 - 3475

Published: July 30, 2020

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of materials (EMs) due to their high heat formation, density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based been developed meet increasing demands power, low sensitivity, eco-friendly environment, they good applications explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics. Continuous growing efforts committed promote rapid development EMs last decade, especially through large amounts Chinese research. Some ultimate aims are develop potential candidates castable explore novel insensitive energy materials, search for cost synthesis strategies, efficiency, green environmental protection, further widen EMs. This review article present recent processes physical explosive performances Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, derivatives, comb trend these compounds. intends prompt fresh concepts designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based

Language: Английский

Citations

72
[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a building block towards low-sensitivity high-energy materials DOI
Sitong Chen, Wenquan Zhang, Yi Wang

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 421, P. 129635 - 129635

Published: April 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Synthesis of Ideal Energetic Materials with High Density and Performance Based on 5-Aminotetrazole DOI

Caijin Lei,

Hongwei Yang,

Wei Yang

et al.

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 2594 - 2601

Published: March 16, 2022

In this study, a series of energetic compounds featuring intramolecular hydrogen bonds were demonstrated by the substituted reaction with 5-aminotetrazole. Notably, representative 3 and 6 exhibit high density (1.910 g cm–3 1.905 cm–3) good detonation properties (3: D = 9072 m s–1, P 37.1 GPa, 6: 8861 32.3 GPa). Additionally, combining other advantages such as simple preparation, thermostability (Td 265 °C), insensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS 360 N), compound is an ideal insensitive HEDM candidate.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues DOI Creative Commons

Douglas J. Klapec,

Greg Czarnopys,

Julie Pannuto

et al.

Forensic Science International Synergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100298 - 100298

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Chemical Descriptors for a Large-Scale Study on Drop-Weight Impact Sensitivity of High Explosives DOI Creative Commons
Frank W. Marrs, J. Davis, Alexandra C. Burch

et al.

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 753 - 769

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

The drop-weight impact test is an experiment that has been used for nearly 80 years to evaluate handling sensitivity of high explosives. Although the results this are known have large statistical uncertainties, it one most common tests due its accessibility and modest material requirements. In paper, we compile a data set (mainly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory), along with compendium molecular chemical descriptors explosives under test. These consist over 500 unique explosives, 1000 repeat tests, 100 descriptors, total about 1500 observations. We use random forest methods estimate model explosive as function properties Our predicts well across wide range types, spanning broad performance sensitivity. find related performance, such heat explosion, oxygen balance, functional group, highly predictive Yet, models omit many these still perform well. suggest there not or even several factors explain sensitivity, but complex, interrelated effects play.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Synthesis of Two Series of Isomeric Triazolo-Triazine Fused Energetic Salts: High Thermal Stability, Insensitivity, and High Performances DOI

Wenqi Ma,

Jie Li, Chunlin He

et al.

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 3463 - 3470

Published: April 21, 2023

In recent years, the safety of energetic materials has attracted more and attention. How to design synthesize heat-resistant insensitive become an urgent problem be solved. this work, two series salts based on isomeric triamino triazolo-triazine fused-ring compounds were designed synthesized by incorporating oxygen-rich anions (such as NO3– or ClO4–) with nitrogen-rich cations. All new fully characterized infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Decomposition temperatures (Td) perchlorate 3 9 are 315 364 °C, respectively. Their different properties, densities molecular stabilities rationally explained crystal structures packing patterns. Meanwhile, highest decomposition temperature good detonation performance (D = 8485 m s–1, P 27.7 GPa), which is superior HNS PYX suggests that it could applied a explosive.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
A Duo and a Trio of Triazoles as Very Thermostable and Insensitive Energetic Materials DOI
Yongxing Tang, Zhaoyang Yin, Ajay Kumar Chinnam

et al.

Inorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59(23), P. 17766 - 17774

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

The triazole moiety with a high heat of formation and nitrogen content has been investigated for decades in combination other nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings the field energetic materials. A novel strategy construction both thermally stable mechanically insensitive materials using multi-aminotriazole system is now described. Using this methodology, two series were created on basis duo triazoles, 5-amino-3-(3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (TT), trio 4,5-di(3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (TTT). Their salts also synthesized. Compound TT exhibits an excellent onset decomposition temperature (Td = 341 °C), which superior to that conventional heat-resistant explosive hexanitrostilbene (HNS) 318 °C). salt 4,5-di(3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazolium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazol-1-ide (TTT-1) remarkable detonation properties low sensitivities (Dv 8715 m s–1; P 32.6 GPa; IS > 40 J; FS 360 N), are those traditional LLM-105 8639 31.7 20 N). Therefore, methodology building could effectively assist design future exploration.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
A close look into the biological and synthetic aspects of fused pyrazole derivatives DOI
Meimei Li, Hui Huang,

Yiru Pu

et al.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 243, P. 114739 - 114739

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Synthesis, characterization, testing, and detonation performance studies of fused pyrazole-based fluorescent energetic materials DOI
Shreyasi Banik, Vikas D. Ghule, Srinivas Dharavath

et al.

Materials Chemistry and Physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 127678 - 127678

Published: March 31, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

14
1-Trinitromethyl-3,5-dinitro-4-nitroaminopyrazole: Intramolecular Full Nitration and Strong Intermolecular H-Bonds toward Highly Dense Energetic Materials DOI
Ning Ding, Qi Sun, Xudong Xu

et al.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(15), P. 10467 - 10471

Published: July 20, 2024

Full nitration is one of the most effective strategies used in synthesizing high-density energetic materials, but this strategy has reached its limit because resultant compounds cannot be further functionalized. To overcome limitation, we present synergistic action full and strong intermolecular H-bonding designing 1-trinitromethyl-3,5-dinitro-4-nitroaminopyrazole (DNTP) with a density that exceeds those reported monocyclic CHON compounds. The detonation velocity specific impulse DNTP exceed 1-trinitromethyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole (TTP), HMX, ADN.

Language: Английский

Citations

5