Anisotropic Anti-Swelling Hydrogels with Hydrophobic Association and Metal–Ligand Cross-Links for Applications in Underwater Strain Sensing and Anisotropic Actuation

Langmuir, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 20, 2025

We report herein a strategy to design mechanically strong and anisotropic metal ion cross-linked conducting hydrogel materials their possible application in resistive strain sensing. A dynamic hydrophobic association was incorporated chemically poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) by incorporating comonomer appended with terpyridine ligand. After prestretching this hydrogel, Fe3+ ion-ligand cross-linking established carboxylic group of methacrylic acid the unit lock alignment polymer chains, which significantly enhanced mechanical performance hydrogel. The hydrogels achieved high strength 1.6-2.7 MPa, breaking 250-320%, toughness 3-4 MJ m-3, elastic modulus 1.7-2.5 MPa under optimized experimental condition. Significantly inferior observed when load applied direction perpendicular direction. High fracture energy 0.99 ± 0.4 kJ m-2 -similar that (∼1000 J m-2) biological bearing tissue cartilage-could be crack introduced prestretch chains confirmed FESEM SAXS experiments. ions as well hydrophobe concentration played vital role altering properties these hydrogels. presence contributes enhancing anisotropy hydrogels, whereas acid-Fe3+ cross-links contributed tensile stiffness demonstrated sensing actuation behavior. These swelling-resistant also showed capability for stable repetitive underwater sensing, may have potential applications human motion soft robotics application.

Language: Английский

Fiber-reinforced tough and ultrathin composite hydrogel interfaces for advanced human-machine interaction

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137984 - 137984

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский