Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(9), P. 8594 - 8757

Published: March 3, 2022

A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute the improvement selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways modify catalytic sites range from use reversible or irreversible adsorption molecular modifiers immobilization tethering homogeneous catalysts and development well-defined solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for dispersion single-atom within supports as well complex nanostructures, it includes post-modification materials via processes such silylation atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages limitations, but all offer new avenues design specific applications. Because high cost most fact that resulting may limited thermal chemical stability, be best aimed at improving selective synthesis value-added chemicals, incorporated organic schemes, other applications are being explored address problems energy production, instance, greener processes. details each approaches discussed, representative examples provided. We conclude some general remarks future this field.

Language: Английский

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Design strategies for markedly enhancing energy efficiency in the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 3603 - 3629

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The review summarizes the recent strategies to improve energy efficiency of CO 2 electroreduction, a guiding metric for industrial application and economic feasibility, with emphasis on designing remarkable catalyst advanced electrolysis system.

Language: Английский

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Atomic-precision Pt6 nanoclusters for enhanced hydrogen electro-oxidation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 24, 2022

The discord between the insufficient abundance and excellent electrocatalytic activity of Pt urgently requires its atomic-level engineering for minimal dosage yet maximized performance. Here we report design ultrasmall triphenylphosphine-stabilized Pt6 nanoclusters hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline solution. Benefiting from self-optimized ligand effect atomic-precision structure, nanocluster electrocatalyst demonstrates a high mass activity, stability, outperforms both single atoms nanoparticle analogues, uncovering an unexpected size optimization principle designing electrocatalysts. Moreover, delivers CO-tolerant ability that conventional Pt/C catalyst lacks. Theoretical calculations confirm enhanced performance is attributable to bifold effects triphenylphosphine ligand, which can not only tune formation atomically precise platinum nanoclusters, but also shift d-band center favorable adsorption kinetics *H, *OH, CO.

Language: Английский

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Single-Atom Cr–N₄ Sites with High Oxophilicity Interfaced with Pt Atomic Clusters for Practical Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(39), P. 21432 - 21441

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Although dispersing Pt atomic clusters (ACs) on a conducting support is promising way to minimize the amount required in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), catalytic mass activity and durability of ACs are often unsatisfactory for alkaline HER due their unfavorable water dissociation challenges stabilizing them against agglomeration detachment. Herein, we report class single-atom Cr-N4 sites with high oxophilicity interfaced mesoporous carbon achieving highly active stable an anion-exchange-membrane electrolyzer (AEMWE). The as-made catalyst achieves highest reported (37.6 times higher than commercial Pt/C) outstanding operational stability. Experimental theoretical studies elucidate that formation unique Pt-Cr quasi-covalent bonding interaction at interface effectively suppresses migration thermal vibration atoms stabilize contributes greatly enhanced Moreover, oxophilic adjacent favorable adsorption hydroxyl species facilitate nearly barrierless thus enhance activity. An AEMWE using this (with only 50 μgPt cm-2) can operate stably industrial-level current density 500 mA cm-2 1.8 V >100 h small degradation rate 90 μV h-1.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle Assembly as a Materials Development Tool

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(8), P. 3330 - 3346

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Nanoparticle assembly is a complex and versatile method of generating new materials, capable using thousands different combinations particle size, shape, composition, ligand chemistry to generate library unique structures. Here, history self-assembly as strategy for materials discovery presented, focusing on key advances in both synthesis measurement emergent properties describe the current state field. Several challenges further advancement nanoparticle are also outlined, establishing roadmap critical research areas enable next generation nanoparticle-based synthesis.

Language: Английский

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A review of physical, chemical and biological synthesis methods of bimetallic nanoparticles and applications in sensing, water treatment, biomedicine, catalysis and hydrogen storage

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 321, P. 103010 - 103010

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

This article provides an in-depth analysis of various fabrication methods bimetallic nanoparticles (BNP), including chemical, biological, and physical techniques. The review explores BNP's diverse uses, from well-known applications such as sensing water treatment biomedical uses to less-studied areas like breath for diabetes monitoring hydrogen storage. It cites results over 1000 researchers worldwide >300 peer-reviewed articles. Additionally, the discusses current trends, actionable recommendations, importance synthetic industry players looking optimize manufacturing techniques specific applications. also evaluates pros cons methods, highlighting potential plant extract synthesis mass production capped BNPs. However, it warns that this method may not be suitable certain requiring ligand-free surfaces. In contrast, laser ablation offer better control reactivity, especially where surfaces are critical. report underscores environmental benefits compared chemical use hazardous chemicals pose risks extraction, production, disposal. emphasizes need life cycle assessment (LCA) articles in literature, given growing volume research on nanotechnology materials. caters at all stages applies fields applying nanomaterials.

Language: Английский

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Solid-State Reaction Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials: Strategies and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(15), P. 12748 - 12863

Published: June 17, 2022

Nanomaterials (NMs) with unique structures and compositions can give rise to exotic physicochemical properties applications. Despite the advancement in solution-based methods, scalable access a wide range of crystal phases intricate is still challenging. Solid-state reaction (SSR) syntheses have high potential owing their flexibility toward multielemental under feasibly temperatures solvent-free conditions as well scalability simplicity. Controlling nanoscale features through SSRs demands strategic nanospace-confinement approach due risk heat-induced reshaping sintering. Here, we describe advanced SSR strategies for NM synthesis, focusing on mechanistic insights, novel phenomena, underlying principles using series examples different categories. After introducing history classical SSRs, key theories, definitions central topic, categorize various modern based surrounding solid-state media used nanostructure growth, conversion, migration nanospace or dimensional confinement. This comprehensive review will advance quest new materials design,

Language: Английский

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Iodine conversion chemistry in aqueous batteries: Challenges, strategies, and perspectives

Energy storage materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 339 - 365

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Ligand-free synthesis of noble metal nanocatalysts for electrocatalysis

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 451, P. 138668 - 138668

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plasmonic Photocatalysis: Activating Chemical Bonds through Light and Plasmon

Advanced Optical Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(15)

Published: June 12, 2022

Abstract The exceptionally large charge‐carrier density in photoexcited plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can be used for the making and breaking of high‐energy chemical bonds, which forms basis photocatalysis. This review showcases roadmap important events major bottlenecks photocatalysis, along with highlighting a few probable solutions achieving desired targets. starts discussion on various excitation relaxation pathways, followed by section initial use plasmons enhancing photocatalytic properties semiconductor materials. Next, sole NPs driving useful industrially relevant transformations is discussed. critical assessment challenges opportunities area, emerging experiments capable overcoming these challenges. Decades research have provided clear understanding charge generation decay processes NPs. However, an efficient separation utilization carriers still roadblock realizing full potential catalysis. In short, doing chemistry attractive; but it high time to develop strategies that quantitatively utilize selective way.

Language: Английский

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