Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: July 25, 2024
Alcoholysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste to produce monomers, including methanolysis yield dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and glycolysis generate bis-2-hydroxyethyl (BHET), is a promising strategy in PET management. Here, we introduce an efficient PET-alcoholysis approach utilizing oxygen-vacancy (V
Language: Английский
ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 4865 - 4926
Published: March 18, 2024
Rapid industrialization and development have led to a tremendous increase in the use of various types plastic commodities daily life. For past several years, pollution has become global issue, posing serious threat mankind. The primary issue with increasing is lack proper management which created huge havoc environment. From initial phase waste management, been discarded, recycled, downcycled, or dumped into landfills large proportion, causing extreme damage ecosystem. Conventionally, treated via thermal processes such as pyrolysis incineration plants require amount capital and, therefore, harms aim circular economy. Chemical upcycling gaining attention high-potential catalytic strategy convert plastics, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc. fuels, functionalized polymers, other value-added chemicals having direct impact on affordability viability. In this review, we focused photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis effective efficient technologies. These approaches can lower dependence nonrenewable resources are more environmentally friendly contrast conventional approaches. This review elaborately discusses pros cons provides detailed overview potential renewable energy-driven for conversion wastes valuable fuels commodity chemicals, along challenges future directions emerging approach treatment.
Language: Английский
Citations
48
iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 107676 - 107676
Published: Aug. 19, 2023
With the exponential expansion of electric vehicles (EVs), disposal Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is poised to increase significantly in coming years. Effective recycling these essential address environmental concerns and tap into their economic value. Direct has recently emerged as a promising solution at laboratory level, offering significant benefits viability compared pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical methods. However, its commercialization not been realized terms financial feasibility. This perspective provides comprehensive analysis obstacles that impede practical implementation direct recycling, ranging from disassembling, sorting, separation technological limitations. Furthermore, potential solutions are suggested tackle challenges short term. The need for long-term, collaborative endeavors among manufacturers, battery producers, companies outlined advance fully automated spent LIBs. Lastly, smart framework proposed achieve full life cycle sustainability
Language: Английский
Citations
47
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 913, P. 169436 - 169436
Published: Dec. 29, 2023
Due to the 'forever' degrading nature of plastic waste, waste management is often complicated. The applications are ubiquitous and inevitable in many scenarios. Current global plastics production ca. 3.5 MMT per year, with current trend, will reach 25,000 by 2040. However, rapid growth manufacture material's inherent resulted accumulation a vast amount garbage. recycling rate <10 %, while large volumes discarded cause environmental ecological problems. Recycling rates for vary widely region type plastic. In some developed countries, around 20-30 developing nations, it much lower. These statistics highlight magnitude problem urgent need comprehensive strategies manage more effectively reduce its impact on environment. This review critically analyses past studies essential efficient techniques turning trash into treasure. Additionally, an attempt has been made provide understanding upcycling process, 3Rs policy, life-cycle assessment (LCA) conversion. advocates pyrolysis as one most promising methods valuable chemicals. addition, can be severely impacted due uncontrollable events, such Covid 19 pandemic. chemical certainly bring value end-of-life LCA analysis indicated there still huge scope innovation area compared mechanical recycling. formulation policies heightened public participation could play pivotal role reducing repercussions facilitating shift towards sustainable future.
Language: Английский
Citations
46
Cell Reports Physical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. 101341 - 101341
Published: March 29, 2023
Polymers have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, and today we produce around 370 MT plastic per year. Only about 20% it is being recycled, the rest, 80%, unleashed into environment without appropriate treatment. This calls forth evaluation strategies available for mitigating menace "after-use" waste. Various approaches evolved over a decade are at different levels development. Plastic depolymerization upcycling considered some most prominent long-term solutions. The metal-catalyzed waste to chemical feedstocks has emerged as one promising ways address global pollution. Therefore, this review aims examine methods, notify recent progress, pinpoint current gaps, gauge potential strategy. Both homogeneous heterogeneous catalysts been reported depolymerize various polymers last decade. Considerable advances in metal-mediated polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyethers. above produces monomers or intermediates, which can be used again polymerization thus brings back circularity. overview debates usage high temperatures, sophisticated ligands, expensive metals, stoichiometric reagents, etc., depolymerization. Thus, summarizes understanding fundamental science depolymerization, remaining scientific challenges, opportunities.
Language: Английский
Citations
43
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(41)
Published: Sept. 24, 2023
The huge amount of plastic wastes has become a pressing global environmental problem, leading to severe pollution and resource depletion through conventional downcycling technologies like incineration landfilling. In contrast, selective upcycling various plastics offers promising solution for converting waste into valuable products. This review provides comprehensive overview the recent advancements in innovative catalytic technologies, including thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating reaction mechanisms, activating designated chemical bonds high selectivity, elaborating above techniques terms conditions Finally, application prospects future development trends catalysis are discussed, providing insights realizing sustainable circular economy.
Language: Английский
Citations
42
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: March 28, 2024
Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and plastics are pivotal components of modern society; nevertheless, their escalating production poses formidable challenges to resource sustainability ecosystem integrity. Here, we showcase the transformation spent lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathodes into photothermal catalysts capable catalyzing upcycling diverse waste polyesters high-value monomers. The distinctive Li deficiency in LCO induces a contraction Co−O 6 unit cell, boosting monomer yield exceeding that pristine by factor 10.24. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment underscores economic viability utilizing as catalyst, yielding returns 129.6 $·kg −1 , surpassing traditional battery recycling (13–17 ). Solar-driven 100,000 tons PET can reduce 3.459 × 10 11 kJ electric energy decrease 38,716 greenhouse gas emissions. This work unveils sustainable solution for management LIBs plastics.
Language: Английский
Citations
30
Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(40)
Published: April 16, 2024
Abstract In the quest of renewable energy technologies, solar photoreforming emerges as one affordable yet challenging process for converting biomass into hydrogen, hydrocarbon fuels, and chemicals. This review highlights state‐of‐the‐art photoreforming, elucidating its underlying mechanisms conversion dissipated polymers H 2 valuable Biomass feedstocks such carbohydrates, agricultural residues, glycopolymers, food wastes, waste plastics are evaluated based on their chemical composition, content, sustainability aspects, exploring selection appropriate bio‐renewable resources, considering abundance, availability, potential hydrogen production. The impact diverse parameters efficiency is explored, encompassing factors like reaction temperature, pH, catalyst loading, reactor design, solvent effect, light intensity across various sacrificial substrates. discussion also considers correlation with production rate, selectivity, efficiency. buckles design synthesis functional photocatalysts biomass‐derived feedstock, highlighting photocatalytic (PC) properties in reforming processes related feedstock chemicals biofuel. delves pathways future advancements including artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML), alongside addressing challenges insightful perspectives within this evolving field green energy.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(14), P. 7309 - 7327
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Oxidative degradation is a powerful method to degrade plastics into oligomers and small oxidized products. While thermal energy has been conventionally employed as an external stimulus, recent advances in photochemistry have enabled photocatalytic oxidative of polymers under mild conditions. This tutorial review presents overview degradation, from its earliest examples emerging strategies. briefly discusses the motivation development with focus on underlying mechanisms. Then, we will examine modern studies primarily relevant catalytic degradation. Lastly, highlight some unique using unconventional approaches for polymer such electrochemistry.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
Nature Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 700 - 708
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Abstract Chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous. However, accumulation of chlorine-containing waste has a negative impact on human health and the environment due to inapplicability common disposal methods, such as landfill incineration. Here we report sustainable approach valorize hydrocarbon waste, including solids (chlorinated polymers) liquids solvents), based copper palladium catalysts with NaNO 3 promoter. In process, is oxidized release chlorine in presence N-directing arenes afford valuable aryl chlorides, FDA-approved drug vismodegib. The remaining component mineralized CO, CO 2 H O. Moreover, generated could be further utilized directly. Thus, mixed can serve chlorination reagents that neither generate hazardous by-products nor involve specialty reagents. This tandem catalytic represents promising method for viable management wide diverse range wastes.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 5314 - 5325
Published: March 26, 2024
Upcycling plastic wastes into value-added chemicals is a promising approach to put end-of-life back their ecocycle. As one of the polyesters that used daily, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste employed here as model substrate. Herein, nickel (Ni)-based catalyst was prepared via electrochemically depositing copper (Cu) species on Ni foam (NiCu/NF). The NiCu/NF formed Cu/CuO and Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 core–shell structures before electrolysis reconstructed NiOOH CuOOH/Cu(OH)2 active during ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation. After oxidation, Cu evolved more reduced species. An indirect mechanism identified main EG oxidation (EGOR) mechanism. In EGOR, NiCu60s/NF exhibited an optimal Faradaic efficiency (FE, 95.8%) yield rate (0.70 mmol cm–2 h–1) for formate production. Also, over 80% FE achieved when commercial PET powder hydrolysate applied. Furthermore, water bottle substrate electrocatalytic upcycling, pure terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered only after 1 h electrolysis. Lastly, density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed key role significantly reducing Gibbs free-energy barrier (ΔG) EGOR's rate-determining step (RDS), promoting catalysts' dynamic evolution, facilitating C–C bond cleavage.
Language: Английский
Citations
21