Heterogeneous Single-Atom Photocatalysts: Fundamentals and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(21), P. 12175 - 12216

Published: March 18, 2020

Single-atom photocatalysts have shown their compelling potential and arguably become the most active research direction in photocatalysis due to fascinating strengths enhancing light-harvesting, charge transfer dynamics, surface reactions of a photocatalytic system. While numerous comprehensions about single-atom recently been amassed, advanced characterization techniques vital theoretical studies are strengthening our understanding on these materials, allowing us forecast working mechanisms applications photocatalysis. In this review, we begin by describing general background definition photocatalysts. A brief discussion metal-support interactions is then provided. Thereafter, current available for summarized. After having some fundamental photocatalysts, advantages discussed. Finally, end review with look into remaining challenges future perspectives We anticipate that will provide inspiration discovery manifestly stimulating development emerging area.

Language: Английский

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Photo-Biocatalysis: Biotransformations in the Presence of Light

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 4115 - 4144

Published: April 9, 2019

Light has received increased attention for various chemical reactions but also in combination with biocatalytic reactions. Because currently only a few enzymatic are known, which per se require light, most transformations involving light and biocatalyst exploit either providing the cosubstrate or cofactor an appropriate redox state biotransformation. In selected cases, promiscuous activity of known enzymes presence could be induced. other approaches, light-induced have been combined step, were linear cascade. Finally, switchable moiety investigated to turn off/on tune actual reaction. This Review gives overview approaches using biocatalysis.

Language: Английский

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Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(2), P. 2353 - 2428

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. summarizes the recent paradigm shift access to and application of N-centered enabled visible-light photocatalysis. broadens streamlines approaches many small molecules because photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention paid innovative advances N–X bonds radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, H. clarity, key mechanistic data noted, available. Synthetic applications limitations summarized illuminate tremendous utility photocatalytically generated radicals.

Language: Английский

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Porous organic polymers for light-driven organic transformations

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(7), P. 2444 - 2490

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

As a new generation of porous materials, organic polymers (POPs), have recently emerged as powerful platform heterogeneous photocatalysis. POPs are constructed using extensive synthesis methodologies, with various functional units being connected via high-energy covalent bonds. This review systematically presents the recent advances in for visible-light driven transformations. Herein, we firstly summarize common construction strategies POP-based photocatalysts based on two major approaches: pre-design and post-modification; secondly, categorize methods reaction types constructing POPs. We then classify introduce specific reactions current light-driven POP-mediated Finally, outline state development problems faced transformations by POPs, present some perspectives to motivate reader explore solutions these confront challenges process.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp² Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(9), P. 8181 - 8260

Published: March 14, 2022

The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding these reactive species increases. utility intermediates is demonstrated the recent advances C–H amination (di)amination alkenes. Synthesis previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses generation, reactivity, application NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up most examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular (hetero)arenes occur with a variety complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class drug development. Functionalization olefins achievable high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity allows access difunctionalized when intermediate carbon are trapped. Additionally, reactivity NCRs harnessed rapid construction N-heterocycles such pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, quinazolinones.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(39), P. 21116 - 21149

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Abstract Photomediated Giese reactions are at the forefront of radical chemistry, much like classical tin‐mediated were nearly forty years ago. With global recognition organometallic photocatalysts for mild and tunable generation carbon‐centered radicals, chemists have developed a torrent strategies to form previously inaccessible intermediates that capable engaging in intermolecular conjugate addition reactions. This Review summarizes advances photoredox‐mediated since 2013, with focus on breadth methods provide access crucial can engage processes.

Language: Английский

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Parameters that affect the photodegradation of dyes and pigments in solution and on substrate – An overview

Dyes and Pigments, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 110999 - 110999

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

It has been known for many years that dyes and pigments are subject to light-induced degradation, or photodegradation, when exposed light. is the very reason why some beverages medicines wrapped in light-tight packaging materials, museums cover their windows with UV-blocking filters. The exact chemistry of degradation can be quite complex. Why how these colorants affected by light? How fast do processes occur? Are there ways prevent this from happening a straight-forward durable way? These were still questions relevant fields where applied. In order support questions, we have tried provide broad overview research already conducted on photodegradation analysis products. those papers, most important parameters discussed influence irradiation source, intensity time, presence absence oxygen, temperature, effects catalysts have, as well dye pigment concentration. Additionally, investigated differences found solution substrates specific may affect media.

Language: Английский

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Phosphoranyl Radical Fragmentation Reactions Driven by Photoredox Catalysis

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. 7250 - 7261

Published: June 5, 2020

Photocatalytic generation of phosphoranyl radicals is fast emerging as an essential method for the diverse and valuable radicals, typically via deoxygenation or desulfurization processes. This Perspective a comprehensive evaluation all studies using tunable mediators in photoredox catalysis, highlighting how two distinct methods radical formation (radical addition nucleophilic addition) can be used to generate versatile intermediates with reactivity profiles.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in visible-light-mediated organic transformations in water

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 232 - 248

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Water is a green reaction medium, while visible light represents renewable, clean, and abundant energy source. The recent advances in visible-light-mediated organic transformations water are summarized.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Dots for Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Pollutants: Recent Advancements

Advanced Optical Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(17)

Published: June 3, 2021

Abstract The immense progress of humanity on the technological, domestic, and industrial fronts comes at cost polluting planet. Aquatic pollution is particularly dangerous since all life forms are directly linked to it. Each year tons domestic pollutants make their way into aqueous systems. Efficient removal/degradation these prime importance for sustainable future. Among many technologies, photodegradation an emerging promising method successful removal it powered by abundant solar light. last decade had shown that carbon dots among most materials can be utilized as efficient tool derive various solar‐driven chemical reactions. Carbon possess unique photophysical properties such light‐harvesting over a broad‐spectrum region, upconversion photoluminescence, photosensitizers, inertness, bivalent redox character, etc. ease synthesis low also contributes hugely utilizations photocatalyst degradation pollutants. This review summarizes recent made in field with aid hybrids, highlighting critical role play field.

Language: Английский

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