Advanced Transition Metal‐Based OER Electrocatalysts: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges

Small, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(37)

Published: June 10, 2021

Abstract Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half‐reaction involved in many electrochemical applications, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of its four‐electron transfer process becomes a bottleneck to performance enhancement. Thus, rational design electrocatalysts for OER based on thorough understanding mechanisms structure‐activity relationship vital significance. This review begins with introduction which include conventional adsorbate mechanism lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The pathways related intermediates are discussed detail, several descriptors greatly assist catalyst screen optimization summarized. Some parameters suggested measurement criteria also mentioned discussed. Then, recent developments breakthroughs experimental achievements transition metal‐based reviewed reveal novel principles. Finally, some perspectives future directions proposed further catalytic enhancement deeper design. It believed that iterative improvements fundamental principles essential realize applications efficient energy storage conversion technologies.

Language: Английский

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Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(9), P. 6257 - 6358

Published: March 21, 2023

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reduction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion storage systems. However, their sluggish kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, complexity catalyst–electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding intrinsic mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated kinetic monitoring under conditions. Here we provide selected highlights mechanistic studies with main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate basic conditions), followed by brief outlook molecular catalysts. Key sections this review focused determination true active species, identification sites, reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into above factors, short overview metrics accurate characterizations is provided. A combination obtained time-resolved information reliable activity data will then guide rational design new Strategies such as optimizing restructuring process well overcoming adsorption-energy scaling relations be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges prospects toward development homogeneous presented.

Language: Английский

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Nanostructured metal phosphides: from controllable synthesis to sustainable catalysis

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(13), P. 7539 - 7586

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Metal phosphides (MPs) with unique and desirable physicochemical properties provide promising potential in implementable sustainable catalytic fields including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, mild thermocatalysis, interdisciplinary hybrid systems.

Language: Английский

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Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall and Hybrid Water Splitting

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(7), P. 3694 - 3812

Published: March 22, 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity has been recognized as a promising approach for green hydrogen production. Different from conventional strategies in developing electrocatalysts the two half-reactions of (e.g., and oxygen evolution reactions, HER OER) separately, there growing interest designing bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are able to catalyze both OER. In addition, considering high overpotentials required OER while limited value produced oxygen, is another rapidly exploring alternative oxidation reactions replace hybrid toward energy-efficient generation. This Review begins with an introduction on fundamental aspects splitting, followed thorough discussion various physicochemical characterization techniques that frequently employed probing active sites, emphasis reconstruction during redox electrolysis. The design, synthesis, performance diverse based noble metals, nonprecious metal-free nanocarbons, overall acidic alkaline electrolytes, thoroughly summarized compared. Next, their application also presented, wherein anodic include sacrificing agents oxidation, pollutants oxidative degradation, organics upgrading. Finally, concise statement current challenges future opportunities presented hope guiding endeavors quest sustainable

Language: Английский

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Nanoframes of Co₃O₄–Mo₂N Heterointerfaces Enable High‐Performance Bifunctionality toward Both Electrocatalytic HER and OER

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(7)

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Abstract Interfacial engineering of heterostructured catalysts has attracted great interest in enabling both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER OER), by fine tuning the interfacial geometry electronic structures. However, they are not well structured for high‐performing bifunctionalities, largely due to confined single particle morphologies, where exposed surfaces interfaces limited. Herein, a hollow nanoframing strategy is purposely devised interconnected Co 3 O 4 –Mo 2 N heterostructures that designed with charge transfer from Mo , as rationalized theoretical calculations confirmed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It shown controllable pyrolysis bimetallic Mo–Co Prussian blue analogue nanoframes (NFs) an optimal Mo/Co ratio, desired heterostructure successfully formed. The as‐synthesized NFs only inherit functionalities individual components electrolyte‐accessible nanoframe structure, also give ideal heterointerface strong electron interaction favorable H O/H* adsorption energies, leading remarkable enhancement bifunctional catalytic activities (i.e., 12.9‐fold 20‐fold higher current density under 300 mV overpotential, compared single‐phased alone toward HER OER, respectively), while remaining robust stability.

Language: Английский

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Design and Synthesis of Hollow Nanostructures for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(9)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Abstract Electrocatalytic water splitting using renewable energy is widely considered as a clean and sustainable way to produce hydrogen an ideal fuel for the future. Electrocatalysts are indispensable elements large‐scale electrolysis, which can efficiently accelerate electrochemical reactions occurring at both ends. Benefitting from high specific surface area, well‐defined void space, tunable chemical compositions, hollow nanostructures be applied promising candidates of direct electrocatalysts or supports loading internal external electrocatalysts. Herein, some recent progress in structural design micro‐/nanostructured materials advanced summarized. First, principles corresponding strategies toward highly effective oxygen/hydrogen evolution highlighted. Afterward, overview current reports about with diverse architectural designs functionalities given, including single‐shelled, multi‐shelled, open features heterostructured based on hosts. Finally, future research directions discussed personal perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Catalysis of Alloys: Classification, Principles, and Design for a Variety of Materials and Reactions

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 123(9), P. 5859 - 5947

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Alloying has long been used as a promising methodology to improve the catalytic performance of metallic materials. In recent years, field alloy catalysis made remarkable progress with emergence variety novel materials and their functions. Therefore, comprehensive disciplinary framework for chemistry alloys that provides cross-sectional understanding broad research is in high demand. this review, we provide classification various based on metallurgy, thermodynamics, inorganic summarize roles alloying its principles brief introduction historical background field. Furthermore, explain how each type can be catalyst material design functional target reaction by introducing representative case studies. This review includes two approaches, namely, from reactions, better alloys. Our offers perspective encyclopedically according readers' individual interests.

Language: Английский

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Te-mediated electro-driven oxygen evolution reaction

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1, P. e9120029 - e9120029

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

In the 21^st century, rapid development of human society has made people's demand for green energy more and urgent. The high-energy-density hydrogen obtained by fully splitting water is not only environmentally friendly, but also expected to solve problems caused intermittent nature new energy. However, slow kinetics large overpotential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit its application. introduction Te element bring breakthroughs. With least electronegativity among chalcogens, many special properties, such as multivalent states, strong covalentity, high electrical conductivity, which make it a promising candidate in electrocatalytic OER. this review, we introduce peculiarities element, summarize doping extraordinary performance compounds OER, with emphasis on scientific mechanism behind promoting OER kinetic process. Finally, challenges prospects applications are presented.

Language: Английский

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In Situ Reconstruction of V‐Doped Ni₂P Pre‐Catalysts with Tunable Electronic Structures for Water Oxidation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(25)

Published: April 17, 2021

Abstract Nickel‐based electrocatalysts are promising candidates for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but suffer from high activation overpotentials. Herein, in situ structural reconstruction of V‐doped Ni 2 P pre‐catalyst to form highly active NiV oxyhydroxides OER is reported, during which the partial dissolution V creates a disordered structure with an enlarged electrochemical surface area. Operando impedance spectroscopy reveals that synergistic interaction between hosts and remaining dopants can regulate electronic oxyhydroxides, leads enhanced kinetics adsorption *OH deprotonation *OOH intermediates. Raman X‐ray absorption further demonstrate increased content β‐NiOOH phase sites contributes activity enhancement. Density functional theory calculations verify facilitate generation *O intermediates OER, rate‐determining step realizing efficient O evolution. Optimization these properties endows oxyhydroxide electrode low overpotential 221 mV deliver current density 10 mA cm −2 excellent stability alkaline electrolyte.

Language: Английский

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Nanostructured Metal Phosphide Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting: A Review

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(21)

Published: March 13, 2022

Abstract Amongst various futuristic renewable energy sources, hydrogen fuel is deemed to be clean and sustainable. Electrochemical water splitting (EWS) an advanced technology produce pure in a cost‐efficient manner. The electrocatalytic evolution reaction (HER) oxygen (OER) are the vital steps of EWS have been at forefront research over past decades. low‐cost nanostructured metal phosphide (MP)‐based electrocatalysts exhibit unconventional physicochemical properties offer very high turnover frequency (TOF), low potential, mass activity with improved efficiency, long‐term stability. Therefore, they potential meet practical challenges for supporting future economy. This review discusses recent progress MP‐based catalysts emphasis given on in‐depth understanding catalytic innovative synthetic strategies through combined experimental (in situ/operando techniques) theoretical investigations. Finally, challenges, critical issues, outlook field electrolysis addressed.

Language: Английский

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