Optimization of performance and sensitivity: preparation of two Ag(i)-based ECPs by using isomeric ligands DOI
Chao Zhang, Tingwei Wang, Zujia Lu

et al.

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(38), P. 13716 - 13723

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

For energetic compounds, their structure determines performance, and even minor variations in can have a significant impact on performance. The application scenarios for materials are diverse, performance requirements vary as well. To investigate the influence of different substituent positions primary explosives, we prepared two Ag(I)-based complexes, [Ag(2-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-1) [Ag(4-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-2), using structurally isomeric ligands, 1H-imidazole-2-carbohydrazide (2-IZCA) 1H-imidazole-4-carbohydrazide (4-IZCA). structures were confirmed infrared, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental results demonstrate that both ECPs exhibit good thermal stability. However, compared to ECPs-1, ECPs-2 exhibits lower initial decomposition temperature (Td = 210 °C), mechanical sensitivity (IS 27 J, FS 84 N), more concentrated energy output. Although theoretical predictions suggest similar detonation velocities pressures actual tests indicate has stronger explosive power initiating capability, with potential use laser initiator (E 126 mJ). simple preparation method inexpensive starting enrich research explosives.

Language: Английский

Pushing the Limit of Oxygen Balance on a Benzofuroxan Framework: K2DNDP as an Extremely Dense and Thermally Stable Material as a Substitute for Lead Azide DOI
Krishna Pandey,

Atharva Tiwari,

Jatinder Singh

et al.

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 1952 - 1958

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Because of environmental and health impacts, there is an ongoing necessity to develop sustainable primary explosives replace existing lead-based analogues. Now we describe a potential explosive, dipotassium 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dioxidobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide (K

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Highly Promising Primary Explosive: A Metal-Free, Fluoro-Substituted Azo-Triazole with Unmatched Safety and Performance DOI Creative Commons
Abhishek Kumar Yadav,

Sonali Kukreja,

Srinivas Dharavath

et al.

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 1031 - 1038

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

A primary explosive is a perfect chemical compound for starting ignition in military and commercial uses. Over the past century, quest lead-free, environmentally friendly explosives has been significant challenge long-standing goal. Here, an innovative organic explosive, (E)-1,2-bis(3-azido-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazene (4), designed synthesized through straightforward three-step reaction from commercially available reagents. Importantly, this integrated two trifluoromethyl azido groups into N,N′-azo-1,2,4-triazole backbone to enhance performance safety. With combination, it meets stringent criteria safer, explosives: being metal perchlorate-free, possessing high density, excellent priming ability, unique sensitivities nonexplosive stimuli. It shows robust environmental resistance, good thermal stability, effective detonation also can be effectively initiated with laser. Moreover, test, 4 successfully detonated 500 mg of PETN ultralow minimum primer charge (MPC) 40 mg, similar traditional LA (MPC: mg) outperforming metal-free ICM-103 60 DDNP 70 mg). The power, combined its synthesis, cost-effectiveness, easy large-scale manufacturing, makes superior alternative currently used such as lead azide (LA) diazodinitrophenol (DDNP).

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A domino reaction from a sensitive azide: the impact of positional isomerism on chemical reactivity featuring ortho azido/nitro substituted derivatives DOI Creative Commons
Vikranth Thaltiri, Jatinder Singh, Richard J. Staples

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(16), P. 9546 - 9551

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This study highlights for the first time impact of positional isomerism on chemical reactivity which involves a domino reaction, salt formation, cyclization, and nucleophilic substitution.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Intramolecular assembly of dinitromethyl and bistetrazole: a strategy for constructing advanced and environmentally friendly high-energy density materials DOI
Xuezhi Yu, Jie Tang,

Caijin Lei

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(30), P. 19513 - 19520

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Target compound BDNBT exhibits excellent detonation performance, indicating its potential as a novel type of high-energy density material (HEDM).

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Preparation of novel heat-resistant and insensitive fused ring energetic materials DOI

Teng Zhu,

Caijin Lei,

Chengchuang Li

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Compared with traditional polycyclic-based heterocyclic energetic compounds, the synthesis of fused ring compounds is more challenging since only a few substrates meet structural requirements for cyclization reaction.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host–Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity DOI
Congcong Li, Shaoqing Wang,

Shaojia Li

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(27), P. 35232 - 35244

Published: June 25, 2024

The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the host encapsulate oxidant molecules first time. A series new pyridazine-based [5,6] [5,6,5] polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons their derivatives were designed synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation host-guest inclusion, used modify skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit comprehensive properties (

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Combination of Tetrazole and 4-Azido-pyrazolotriazine Oxide: Balance of High Nitrogen, Energy, and Safety DOI

Hanghong Fan,

Jie Tang, Wei Hu

et al.

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Energetic materials containing a pyrazolotriazine oxide skeleton have the potential for high performance. However, research on is very limited due to inherent ring system instability and synthetic approaches. In this paper, APTO OPTO with combination of high-nitrogen tetrazole promising azido-pyrazolotriazine been synthesized. Of these, its energetic salts exhibit excellent detonation properties (Dv > 8220 m s–1; P 26.50 GPa). Surprisingly, exhibits performance = 8913 32.43 GPa) comparable that RDX.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Exploring the Maximum Potential of Initiating Ability in Metal-Free Primary Explosives DOI
Qiong Yu, Zhiyuan Zheng, Zhenxin Yi

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Lead azide (LA) is a widely utilized primary explosive, serving as the initiating charge in blasting caps or detonators to start detonation process of secondary explosives. The toxicity and environmental concerns associated with LA have led regulatory restrictions increased scrutiny, prompting search for lead-free alternatives. highly sensitive toward heat, shock, friction, which poses safety challenges during manufacturing, handling, storage. Developing lead-free, environmentally friendly, thermostable, safe next-generation explosives high ability significant challenge an important goal. Herein, 1,8-diazido-bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[4,3-b:3',4'-f][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (DATTY) was synthesized studied. It highlight that DATTY has nitrogen content 80.3%, lower friction sensitivity (5 N) than (0.3 N), while being stable under ambient conditions. endothermic explosive heat formation 6.533 kJ g-1. demonstrates exceptional ability, minimum (MPC) just 1 mg, markedly MPC LA, 10 well other previously reported velocity (vD = 8835 m s-1) exceptional, surpassing all development represents progress field explosives, setting new benchmark efficiency.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A Promising Strategy toward the Development of C–C- and C–N-Linked Tricyclic Tetrazole Energetic Materials with High Energy Density DOI

Fanle Meng,

Ruobing Zhou,

Ze Xu

et al.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 9, 2025

Tetrazole-based energetic materials have received extensive attention from researchers due to their high heats of formation and nitrogen contents. In this work, a novel tricyclic tetrazole compound linked by C–C C–N bonds was synthesized for the first time, series salts (1–4) were prepared. addition, 2,2′-bis(dinitromethyl)-2H,2′H-5,2′-5,5′-tertetrazole (DNTBT) assembling dinitromethyl with tetrazole. Among them, six compounds further determined single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. And theoretical calculations demonstrate that all exhibit positive heat formation. The target are much greater than those RDX, HMX, CL-20. computational results indicate DNTBT (D = 9580 m·s–1, P 39.2 GPa) its ionic 6 9038 34.4 GPa), 7 9178 35.2 8 9297 37.7 superior detonation performance compared HMX 8795 34.9 comparable RDX 9144 GPa). This work provides guidance future in developing high-energy-density materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives DOI
Krishna Pandey, Prachi Bhatia,

Khwaja Mohammad

et al.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(32), P. 6604 - 6616

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties’ evaluation of polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1 H -pyrazole-based heat-resistant explosives.

Language: Английский

Citations

21