Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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Unique assembly of giant star-shaped trimer enables non-halogen solvent-fabricated, thermal stable, and efficient organic solar cells

Joule, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 2386 - 2401

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells Containing Pyrido[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐Core‐Based Small‐Molecule Acceptors with Optimized Orbit Overlap Lengths and Molecular Packing

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(30)

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract The central core in A‐DA 1 D‐A‐type small‐molecule acceptor (SMAs) plays an important role determining the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), while principles governing efficient design SMAs remain elusive. Herein, we developed a series with pyrido[2,3‐ b ]quinoxaline (PyQx) as new electron‐deficient unit by combining cascade‐chlorination strategy, namely Py1, Py2, Py3, Py4 and Py5. introduction chlorine atoms reduces intramolecular charge transfer effects but elevates LUMO values. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that Py2 ortho substituted PyQx Py5 two yield larger dipole moments smaller π⋅⋅⋅π stacking distances, compared other three acceptors. Moreover, shows strongest light absorption capability induced extended orbit overlap lengths more packing structures dimers. These features endow best device performance due to better molecular aggregation behaviors, suitable domain sizes exciton dissociation recombination. This study highlights significance incorporating large moments, small distances dimers into development high‐performance SMAs, providing insight for OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Improving the Performance of Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Organic Solar Cells via Introducing a Wide‐Bandgap Dopant into the Upper Acceptor Layer

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(28)

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs) are conductive to achieve vertical phase separation, tunable donor–acceptor (D/A) interfaces, and favorable charge‐transport pathways. In this work, a wide‐bandgap component poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) is added the upper electron acceptor layer improve performance of LbL‐processed OSCs. Results show that PVK can adjust film morphology, dope acceptor, increase concentration, charge transport. Such n‐type doping verified by Seebeck coefficient measurement, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, paramagnetic resonance characterization. addition, fluorescence intensity exciton lifetime PVK‐doped increased, thus being beneficial for diffusion D/A interface. Therefore, power conversion efficiency (PCE) LbL OSCs increases when 2.50 wt.% employed in commonly‐used high‐efficiency system maximum value 19.05% be achieved. role played active different from those additives ternary components reported previously, so results provide an alternative way enhance device

Language: Английский

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Electronic Configuration Tuning of Centrally Extended Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enabling Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 19 %

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(42)

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

In the molecular optimizations of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), extending central core can tune energy levels, reduce nonradiative loss, enhance intramolecular (donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor) packing, facilitate charge transport, improve device performance. this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize featuring conjugation-extended electron-deficient cores. Among these, acceptor CH-BBQ, embedded with benzobisthiadiazole, exhibited an optimal fibrillar network morphology, enhanced crystallinity, improved generation/transport in blend films, leading power conversion efficiency 18.94 % for CH-BBQ-based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs; 18.19 binary OSCs) owing its delicate structure design electronic configuration tuning. Both experimental theoretical approaches were used systematically investigate influence on properties The modulation paves pathway engineering NFAs, propelling relevant research forward.

Language: Английский

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Approaching 20% Efficiency in Ortho‐Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells by a Benzo[a]phenazine‐Core‐Based 3D Network Acceptor with Large Electronic Coupling and Long Exciton Diffusion Length

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(41)

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract High‐performance organic solar cells often rely on halogen‐containing solvents, which restrict the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient materials compatible with halogen‐free solvents. Herein, a series of benzo[ ]phenazine (BP)‐core‐based small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) achieved through an isomerization chlorination strategy presented, comprising unchlorinated NA1, 10‐chlorine substituted NA2, 8‐chlorine NA3, and 7‐chlorine NA4. Theoretical simulations highlight NA3's superior orbit overlap length tight molecular packing, attributed interactions between end group BP unit. Furthermore, NA3 demonstrates dense 3D network structures record electronic coupling 104.5 meV. These characteristics empower ortho‐xylene ( o ‐XY) processed PM6:NA3 device power conversion efficiency (PCE) 18.94%, surpassing PM6:NA1 (15.34%), PM6:NA2 (7.18%), PM6:NA4 (16.02%). Notably, significantly lower PCE in excessive self‐aggregation NA2 ‐XY. Importantly, incorporation D18‐Cl into binary blend enhances crystallographic ordering increases exciton diffusion donor phase, resulting ternary 19.75% (certified as 19.39%). findings underscore significance incorporating new electron‐deficient units design SMAs tailored for environmentally benign solvent processing OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress in side chain engineering of Y-series non-fullerene molecule and polymer acceptors

Science China Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(3), P. 788 - 805

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Molecular Stacking and Aggregation Optimization of Photoactive Layer through Solid Additive Enables High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(43)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Regulating molecular packing and aggregation of photoactive layer is a critical but challenging issue in developing high-performance organic solar cells. Herein, two structurally similar analogues anthra[2,3-b : 6,7-b']dithiophene (ADT) naphtho[1,2-b 5,6-b']dithiophene (NDT) are developed as solid additive to exploit their effect regulating the π-stacking layer. We clarify that perpendicular arrangements NDT can enlarge space improve face-on stacking Y6 during film formation, favoring more compact ordered long-range π-π out-of-plane direction after removal under thermal annealing. The edge-to-face stacked herringbone-arrangement ADT along with its non-volatilization annealing induce coexistence edge-on blend film. As result, treatment shows encouraging improving photovoltaic performance devices based on various systems. Particularly, remarkable PCE 18.85 % achieved PM6 L8-BO-based device treated by additive, which significant improvement regard 16.41 for control device. This work offers promising strategy regulate towards significantly improved stability

Language: Английский

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Precise Methylation Yields Acceptor with Hydrogen‐Bonding Network for High‐Efficiency and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(6)

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Abstract Utilizing intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions stands for an effective approach in advancing the efficiency and stability of small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) polymer solar cells. Herein, we synthesized three SMAs (Qo1, Qo2, Qo3) using indeno[1,2‐ b ]quinoxalin‐11‐one (Qox) as electron‐deficient group, with incorporation a methylation strategy. Through crystallographic analysis, it is observed that two Qox‐based methylated (Qo2 exhibit multiple hydrogen bond‐assisted 3D network transport structures, contrast to 2D structure gem‐dichlorinated counterpart (Qo4). Notably, Qo2 exhibits stronger compared Qo3. Consequently, PM6 : device realizes highest power conversion (PCE) 18.4 %, surpassing efficiencies devices based on Qo1 (15.8 %), Qo3 (16.7 Qo4 (2.4 %). This remarkable PCE can be primarily ascribed enhanced donor‐acceptor miscibility, more favorable medium structure, efficient charge transfer collection behavior. Moreover, demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, retaining 82.8 % its initial after undergoing annealing at 65 °C 250 hours. Our research showcases precise methylation, particularly targeting formation tune crystal packing patterns, represents promising strategy molecular design stable SMAs.

Language: Английский

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Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium‐Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(49)

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Both the regional isomerization and selenium-substitution of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S-CSeF, A-ISeF, A-OSeF) via subtly manipulating mono-selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) type heteroaromatic ring on central core by strategies for OSCs, respectively. Crystallography asymmetric A-OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π-π stacking more ordered 3-dimensional network packing charge-hopping pathways. With successive out-shift position, neat films give slightly wider band gap gradually higher crystallinity electron mobility. The PM1 : afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with charge transportation compared to other two counterparts. Consequently, A-OSeF-based devices achieve champion efficiency 18.5 %, which represents record value reported selenium-containing binary OSCs. Our precise engineering selenium-based provides promising approach optimizing crystal boosting top-ranked SMAs-based

Language: Английский

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