Small,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 2, 2024
Abstract
Thermoelectric
generators
(TEGs)
based
on
thermogalvanic
cells
can
convert
low‐temperature
waste
heat
into
electricity.
Organic
redox
couples
are
well‐suited
for
wearable
devices
due
to
their
nontoxicity
and
the
potential
enhance
ionic
Seebeck
coefficient
through
functional‐group
modifications.
Pyrazine‐based
organic
with
different
functional
groups
is
comparatively
analyzed
cyclic
voltammetry
under
varying
temperatures.
The
results
reveal
substantial
differences
in
entropy
changes
temperature
highlight
2,5‐pyrazinedicarboxylic
acid
dihydrate
(PDCA)
as
optimal
candidate.
How
of
pyrazine
compounds
impact
examined,
by
calculating
electrostatic
density
theory.
To
evaluate
thermoelectric
properties,
PDCA
integrated
concentrations
a
double‐network
hydrogel
comprising
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
polyacrylamide.
resulting
champion
device
exhibits
an
impressive
(
S
i
)
2.99
mV
K
−1
,
thermal
conductivities
≈67.6
µS
cm
≈0.49
W
m
respectively.
Finally,
TEG
constructed
connecting
36
pieces
20
×
10
−3
PDCA‐soaked
series.
It
achieves
maximum
power
output
≈0.28
µW
gradient
28.3
°C
small
light‐emitting
diode.
These
findings
significant
TEGs
devices.
Recently,
ionic
thermoelectric
supercapacitors
have
gained
attention
because
of
their
high
open
circuit
voltages,
even
for
ions
that
are
redox
inactive.
As
a
source
voltage
(electromotive
force),
an
asymmetry
in
electric
double
layers
developed
by
the
adsorption
at
electrode
surfaces
kept
different
temperatures
has
previously
been
proposed.
another
source,
Eastman
entropy
transfer,
which
is
related
to
Soret
coefficient,
considered.
Herein,
we
theoretically
estimated
voltages
generated
Stern
layer,
diffuse
layer
and
transfer.
The
Grahame
equation
generalized
consider
temperature
gradient
layer.
ion
coverage
difference
between
hot
cold
electrodes
obtained
solving
self-consistent
equations
using
isotherm.
results
compared
with
experimental
metal
conductive
polymer-based
electrode.
We
show
possible
origin
Seebeck
effect
caused
coverages
adsorbed
terms
various
types
interface
capacitance
factor
electrodes.
Macromolecular Rapid Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 2, 2025
Polymer
gel-based
ionic
thermoelectric
(i-TE)
devices,
including
thermally
chargeable
capacitors
and
thermogalvanic
cells,
represent
an
innovative
approach
to
sustainable
energy
harvesting
by
converting
waste
heat
into
electricity.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
of
recent
advancements
in
i-TE
materials,
focusing
on
their
Seebeck
coefficients,
the
mechanisms
underlying
thermodiffusion
effects,
various
strategies
employed
enhance
performance.
Gel-based
materials
show
great
promise
due
flexibility,
low
cost,
suitability
for
flexible
wearable
devices.
However,
challenges
such
as
improving
conductivity
stability
redox
couples
remain.
Future
directions
include
enhancing
efficiency
ionic-electronic
coupling
developing
more
robust
electrode
optimize
conversion
real-world
applications.
Soft Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Thermoelectric
(TE)
materials
and
sensors
have
emerged
as
a
frontier
in
health
environmental
monitoring,
offering
silent,
simple,
reliable
alternative
to
traditional
power
generation
methods
by
harnessing
waste
heat
into
usable
electrical
energy.
They
also
offer
superior
stability
longevity,
making
them
ideal
for
long-term
monitoring
applications.
Furthermore,
when
compared
other
self-powered
biosensors,
TE
excel
their
ability
operate
wide
range
of
temperatures
conditions,
providing
more
consistent
source
sensor
operation.
This
review
delves
the
recent
advancements
TE-based
sensors,
highlighting
multifunctional
capabilities
real-time
sensing.
We
explore
fundamental
principles
conversion,
including
Seebeck
effect,
assess
performance
metric,
specifically
figure-of-merit
(ZT
).
The
integration
with
flexible
wearable
electronics
is
discussed,
emphasizing
high
efficiency
mechanical
robustness.
Applications
devices
internet
things
(IoT)-integrated
systems
are
underscored,
particularly
fire
detection
personal
monitoring.
Challenges
material
limitations,
miniaturization,
scalability
addressed,
focus
on
future
research
directions
enhance
sustainability
longevity
sensors.
provides
comprehensive
overview
development
technology
its
trajectory,
importance
ongoing
address
current
challenges
realize
these
innovative
devices.
This
work
addresses
the
dual
challenges
of
seawater
purification
and
converting
low-grade
waste
heat
into
electricity,
both
which
are
crucial
for
sustainable
resource
management.
It
presents
a
combined
approach
that
solves
problems
using
self-fabricated
device.
The
device
generates
temperature
gradient
through
efficient
photothermal
conversion
by
placing
thermoelectric
hydrogels
on
top
hydrogel.
Poly(vinyl
alcohol)
(PVA)
is
used
as
matrix
hydrogel
was
selected
its
biocompatibility
ease
processing.
In
order
to
enhance
solar-driven
water
evaporation
efficiency,
ball-milled
dititanium
trioxide
(Ti2O3)
nanoparticles
carbon
nanotubes
(CNTs)
incorporated
within
PVA
matrix.
enables
rate
high
3.22
kg
m–2
h–1.
Additionally,
also
serves
gels,
soaked
with
K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]
redox
pair
solution
exploit
thermogalvanic
acid
(TGC)
effect.
arrangement
voltage
generation
reactions
at
hot
cold
ends.
obtained
excellent
properties
can
be
characterized
ionic
Seebeck
coefficient
(Si)
1.48
mV
K–1
power
density
9.6
mW
after
nine
were
connected
in
series.
As
result,
this
dual-functional
simultaneously
effectively
purifies
electricity.
Outdoor
testing
shows
daily
production
9.2
stable
130
from
hydrogels.
advances
energy
technologies
opens
new
avenues
innovative
applications
renewable
energy.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
work
develops
a
recyclable
ionogel
with
dynamic
cross-linked
network.
BMIM:Cl
and
CaCl
2
enhance
thermoelectric
properties,
achieving
−30.4
mV
K
−1
142.8
under
5
°C,
advancing
sustainable
energy.
