The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation

Energy Strategy Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 38 - 50

Published: Jan. 31, 2019

This paper explores the technical and economic characteristics of an accelerated energy transition to 2050, using new datasets for renewable energy. The analysis indicates that efficiency technologies are core elements transition, their synergies likewise important. Favourable economics, ubiquitous resources, scalable technology, significant socio-economic benefits underpin such a transition. Renewable can supply two-thirds total global demand, contribute bulk greenhouse gas emissions reduction is needed between now 2050 limiting average surface temperature increase below 2 °C. Enabling policy regulatory frameworks will need be adjusted mobilise six-fold acceleration renewables growth needed, with highest estimated wind solar PV technologies, complemented by high level efficiency. Still, ensure eventual elimination carbon dioxide require technology innovation, notably transport manufacturing sectors, which remain largely ignored in international debate. More attention emerging infrastructure issues as charging other sector coupling implications.

Language: Английский

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Homogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Hydrogen Storage in Formic Acid and Alcohols

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 118(2), P. 372 - 433

Published: Oct. 6, 2017

Hydrogen gas is a storable form of chemical energy that could complement intermittent renewable conversion. One the main disadvantages hydrogen arises from its low density, and therefore, efficient handling storage methods are key factors need to be addressed realize hydrogen-based economy. Storage systems based on liquids, in particular, formic acid alcohols, highly attractive carriers as they can made CO2 or other materials, used stationary power units such filling stations, directly transportation fuels. However, bring about paradigm change our infrastructure, catalytic processes release these molecules, well catalysts regenerate molecules hydrogen, required. In this review, we describe considerable progress has been homogeneous catalysis for critical reactions, namely, hydrogenation methanol reverse dehydrogenation reactions. The higher alcohols available feedstocks also described. Key structural features analyzed, role additives, which required many systems. Particular attention paid advances sustainable processes, especially additive-free Earth-abundant metal ions. Mechanistic information presented, it hoped review not only provides an account state art field but offers insights into how superior obtained future.

Language: Английский

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Single-Atom Alloy Catalysis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(21), P. 12044 - 12088

Published: June 26, 2020

Single-atom alloys (SAAs) play an increasingly significant role in the field of single-site catalysis and are typically composed catalytically active elements atomically dispersed more inert selective host metals. SAAs have been shown to catalyze a range industrially important reactions electro-, photo-, thermal studies. Due unique geometry SAAs, location transition state binding site reaction intermediates often decoupled, which can enable both facile dissociation reactants weak intermediates, two key factors for efficient catalysis. Often, this results deviations from metal scaling relationships that limit conventional catalysts. also offer reduced susceptibility CO poisoning, cost savings precious usage, opportunities bifunctional mechanisms via spillover, higher resistance deactivation by coking plagues many industrial In review, we begin introducing describe how model systems nanoparticle catalysts be prepared characterized. We then review all available SAA literature on per basis before concluding with description general properties new class heterogeneous presenting future research development.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) – Assessment based on chemical and economic properties

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(13), P. 6631 - 6654

Published: Feb. 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 20, 2020

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to liquid fuels is currently challenged by low product concentrations, as well their mixture with traditional electrolytes, such KHCO3 solution. Here we report an all-solid-state electrochemical CO2RR system for continuous generation of high-purity and high-concentration formic acid vapors solutions. The cathode anode were separated a porous solid electrolyte (PSE) layer, where electrochemically generated formate proton recombined form molecular acid. can be efficiently removed in the via inert gas stream flowing through PSE layer. Coupling high activity (formate partial current densities ~450 mA cm-2), selectivity (maximal Faradaic efficiency ~97%), stability (100 hours) grain boundary-enriched bismuth catalyst, demonstrated ultra-high concentrations pure solutions (up nearly 100 wt.%) condensed from flexible tuning carrier stream.

Language: Английский

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A comparative technoeconomic analysis of pathways for commercial electrochemical CO₂ reduction to liquid products

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1536 - 1551

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to fuels and chemicals is currently a focus significant research effort as technology that can simultaneously mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while storing renewable electricity for use on demand. Herein, the economics select liquid products analyzed.

Language: Английский

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Supported Metal Clusters: Fabrication and Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(19), P. 11011 - 11045

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Different from isolated metal atoms and large nanoparticles (NPs), supported clusters (SMCs) possess distinct geometric electronic structures thus exhibit enhanced activity designated selectivity in catalysis. So far, with the development synthetic methodologies characterization techniques, SMCs fine could be constructed well-defined at atomic level. In addition, based on computational modeling of SMCs, theoretical calculations corroborated well experimental results, providing in-depth insights into structure–property relationship for this Review, classic strategies key techniques are summarized. Subsequently, applications important catalytic reactions recent studies discussed, including aerobic oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, water–gas shift (WGS) reaction, photocatalytic reactions. particular, importance cluster size-effect metal–support interactions determining performance is highlighted. Lastly, challenges prospects SMCs' catalysis illustrated.

Language: Английский

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Towards Sustainable Production of Formic Acid

ChemSusChem, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 821 - 836

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

Abstract Formic acid is a widely used commodity chemical. It can be as safe, easily handled, and transported source of hydrogen or carbon monoxide for different reactions, including those producing fuels. The review includes historical aspects formic production. briefly analyzes production based on traditional sources, such monoxide, methanol, methane. However, the main emphasis sustainable from biomass biomass‐derived products through hydrolysis oxidation processes. New strategies low‐temperature synthesis may lead to utilization fuel additives, methanol; upgraded bio‐oil; γ‐valerolactone its derivatives; gas Fischer–Tropsch hydrocarbons. Some technological are also considered.

Language: Английский

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Nanopore‐Supported Metal Nanocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Generation from Liquid‐Phase Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(44)

Published: July 8, 2020

Abstract Hydrogen has emerged as an environmentally attractive fuel and a promising energy carrier for future applications to meet the ever‐increasing challenges. The safe efficient storage release of hydrogen remain bottleneck realizing upcoming economy. based on liquid‐phase chemical materials is one most techniques, which offers considerable potential large‐scale practical its excellent safety, great convenience, high efficiency. Recently, nanopore‐supported metal nanocatalysts have stood out remarkably in boosting field storage. Herein, latest research progress catalytic production summarized, from materials, such formic acid, ammonia borane, hydrous hydrazine, sodium borohydride, by using confined within diverse nanoporous metal–organic frameworks, porous carbons, zeolites, mesoporous silica, organic polymers. state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies advanced characterizations these nanocatalysts, well their performances generation, are presented. limitation each system challenges opportunities this subject also discussed. References related fields provided, more developments achieve will be inspired.

Language: Английский

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Metal Sites in Zeolites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 123(9), P. 6039 - 6106

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Zeolites with ordered microporous systems, distinct framework topologies, good spatial nanoconfinement effects, and superior (hydro)thermal stability are an ideal scaffold for planting diverse active metal species, including single sites, clusters, nanoparticles in the framework-associated sites extra-framework positions, thus affording metal-in-zeolite catalysts outstanding activity, unique shape selectivity, enhanced recyclability processes of Brønsted acid-, Lewis metal-catalyzed reactions. Especially, thanks to advances zeolite synthesis characterization techniques recent years, zeolite-confined (denoted as metal@zeolite composites) have experienced rapid development heterogeneous catalysis, owing combination merits both intrinsic properties. In this review, we will present developments strategies incorporating tailoring zeolites advanced identification location, distribution, coordination environment species zeolites. Furthermore, catalytic applications demonstrated, emphasis on composites hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation Finally, point out current challenges future perspectives precise synthesis, atomic level identification, practical application catalyst system.

Language: Английский

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