IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 9, 2024
The
increasing
environmental
concerns
regarding
the
depletion
of
fossil
resources
and
excessive
production
waste
have
shifted
attention
toward
sustainable
materials
derived
from
renewable
resources.
Biobased
activated
carbon
(BAC),
biomass,
has
emerged
as
a
promising
alternative
to
conventional
fossil-derived
(AC),
offering
numerous
advantages
in
terms
sustainability,
cost-effectiveness,
impact,
wide-ranging
applications.
process
BAC
involves
carbonization
biomass
followed
by
activation,
which
enhances
its
porosity
surface
area.
These
characteristics
make
highly
effective
for
applications
water
air
purification,
energy
storage,
remediation.
In
treatment,
is
used
remove
pollutants
like
heavy
metals,
organic
contaminants,
microplastics
through
adsorption.
it
helps
eliminate
harmful
gases
volatile
compounds
(VOCs).
Additionally,
key
material
storage
technologies,
particularly
supercapacitors,
due
high
area
electrical
conductivity.
Its
use
soil
amendment
remediation
also
gaining
removing
toxic
substances
contaminated
environments.
development
aligned
with
global
efforts
reduce
footprints
promote
circular
economies.
versatility
sustainability
addressing
challenges
while
providing
an
fuel-derived
products.
This
chapter
will
cover
all
possible
where
being
used.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(28), P. 30725 - 30736
Published: July 1, 2024
In
the
current
world,
storing
and
converting
energy
without
affecting
natural
ecosystem
are
considered
a
sustainable
efficient
green
source
production
technology.
Especially,
using
low-cost,
environmentally
friendly,
high-cycle
stability
activated
carbon
(AC)
from
water
hyacinth
(Eichhornia
crassipes)
waste
material
for
charge
storage
application
is
attractive
strategy
renewable
generation.
this
study,
preparation
of
AC
mixed
chemical
activation
agent
followed
by
time
was
optimized
I-optimal
coordinate
exchange
design
model
based
on
3-factor/3-level
under
nine
experimental
runs.
The
optimum
conditions
to
prepare
were
found
be
potassium
hydroxide
(≈17
g)
carbonate
(≈11
g),
carbonization
approximately
1
h.
Under
these
augmented
conditions,
maximum
specific
capacitance
suggested
designed
≈75.2
F/g.
regression
coefficient
(R2
=
0.9979),
adjusted
0.9917),
predicted
0.8706),
adequate
precision
(39.2795),
p-values
(0.0062)
proved
good
correlation
between
actual
values.
physicochemical
electrochemical
properties
final
characterized
thermogravimetric/differential
thermal
analysis
(TGA/DTA),
X-ray
diffractometry
(XRD),
Fourier
transform
infrared
(FTIR),
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET),
scanning
electron
microscopy–energy
dispersive
spectroscopy
(SEM-EDS),
transmission
microscopy
(TEM),
high-resolution
TEM
(HRTEM),
selected
area
diffraction
(SAED),
potentiostat
(CV
EIS)
instruments.
Finally,
electrode
after
100
cycles
at
density
2
A
g–1
retains
an
efficiency
71.57%,
indicating
sustainability
material.
Energy Storage,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(3)
Published: April 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This
work
shows
the
direct
conversion
of
waste
walnut
shells
into
zinc
oxide‐enriched
porous
activated
carbon
(ZnO‐AC
w
)
and
focuses
on
its
electrochemical
performance
analysis.
The
synthesis
method
consists
two
steps:
thermal
carbonization
ZnCl
2
chemical
activation.
XRD
analysis
revealed
presence
ZnO,
graphitic
carbon,
crystallinity
synthesized
composite
material
).
as‐prepared
ZnO‐AC
was
found
to
have
rod
D
plate‐like
microstructures
as
observed
in
SEM
images.
elemental
composition
confirmed
traces
Zn,
O,
Al,
Si
elements,
carbon.
BET
a
high
specific
surface
area
756
m
g
−1
mesoporous
structure
with
an
average
pore
radius
16.3
Å.
Electrochemical
studies
demonstrated
capacitance
77.7
F
at
current
density
5
A
.
retention
about
80%
even
after
10,000
CV
cycles.
experimental
findings
prove
ZnO‐enriched
which
introduced.
It
also
produced
energy
8.74
Wh
kg
synthetic
approach
demonstrates
promising
potential
derived
electrode
for
supercapacitor.
