Flame-Free Candles Are Not Pollution-Free: Scented Wax Melts as a Significant Source of Atmospheric Nanoparticles DOI Creative Commons
Satya S. Patra, Jinglin Jiang, Jianghui Liu

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 175 - 182

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Scented wax melts are being popularized as a safer, nontoxic alternative to traditional candles and incense for indoor aromatherapy. We performed field measurements in residential test house investigate atmospheric nanoparticle formation from scented melt use. employed high-resolution particle size magnifier-scanning mobility sizer (PSMPS) proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) real-time monitoring of distributions terpene mixing ratios, respectively. Our findings reveal that terpenes released react with ozone (O3) initiate new (NPF) events, resulting significant concentrations (>106 cm–3) comparable those emitted by combustion-based candles, gas stoves, diesel engines, natural engines. show melt-initiated NPF events can result respiratory exposures, tract deposited dose rates similar determined sources. results challenge the perception safer aromatherapy, highlighting need further research on toxicological properties newly formed nanoparticles better understand their environmental health implications.

Language: Английский

Flame-Free Candles Are Not Pollution-Free: Scented Wax Melts as a Significant Source of Atmospheric Nanoparticles DOI Creative Commons
Satya S. Patra, Jinglin Jiang, Jianghui Liu

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 175 - 182

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Scented wax melts are being popularized as a safer, nontoxic alternative to traditional candles and incense for indoor aromatherapy. We performed field measurements in residential test house investigate atmospheric nanoparticle formation from scented melt use. employed high-resolution particle size magnifier-scanning mobility sizer (PSMPS) proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) real-time monitoring of distributions terpene mixing ratios, respectively. Our findings reveal that terpenes released react with ozone (O3) initiate new (NPF) events, resulting significant concentrations (>106 cm–3) comparable those emitted by combustion-based candles, gas stoves, diesel engines, natural engines. show melt-initiated NPF events can result respiratory exposures, tract deposited dose rates similar determined sources. results challenge the perception safer aromatherapy, highlighting need further research on toxicological properties newly formed nanoparticles better understand their environmental health implications.

Language: Английский

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