Assessing the technical aspects of ocean-alkalinity-enhancement approaches

State of the Planet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2-oae2023, P. 1 - 29

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging strategy that aims to mitigate climate change by increasing the of seawater. This approach involves ocean enhance its capacity absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmosphere. chapter presents overview technical aspects associated with full range OAE methods being pursued discusses implications for undertaking research on these approaches. Various have been developed implement OAE, including direct injection alkaline liquid into surface ocean; dispersal particles ships, platforms, or pipes; addition minerals coastal environments; electrochemical removal acid Each method has advantages challenges, such as scalability, cost effectiveness, potential environmental impacts. The choice technique may depend factors regional oceanographic conditions, source availability, engineering feasibility. considers methods, accelerated weathering limestone, liming, creation hydrated carbonates, environments. In each case, technologies are considered, best-practice drawn. social impacts will likely specific technology local context in which it deployed. Therefore, essential feasibility undertaken parallel with, informed by, wider impact assessments. While shows promise a mitigation strategy, acknowledge limitations uncertainties. Further development needed understand long-term effects, optimize techniques, address unintended consequences. should be viewed complementary extensive emission reductions, improved if operated using energy supply chains minimal CO2 emissions.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives and challenges of marine carbon dioxide removal

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The Paris Agreement to limit global warming well below 2°C requires drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the balancing of any remaining by carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Due uncertainties about potential durability many land-based approaches deliver sufficient CDR, marine CDR options are receiving more interest. We present current state knowledge regarding potentials, risks, side effects as challenges associated with technical feasibility, governance, monitoring, reporting accounting covering a range biotic geochemical approaches. specifically discuss what extent comparison direct injection CO 2 into seawater, which had been proposed decades ago is now prohibited international agreements, may provide guidance for evaluating some

Language: Английский

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Reclaimed seawater discharge – Desalination brine treatment and resource recovery system

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 121096 - 121096

Published: Dec. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Global decarbonization potential of CO ₂ mineralization in concrete materials

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(29)

Published: July 8, 2024

CO 2 mineralization products are often heralded as having outstanding potentials to reduce -eq. emissions. However, these claims generally undermined by incomplete consideration of the life cycle climate change impacts, material properties, supply and demand constraints, economic viability products. We investigate factors in detail for ten concrete-related quantify their individual global emissions reduction potentials. Our results show that 2020, 3.9 Gt carbonatable solid materials were generated globally, with dominant being end-of-life cement paste concrete mortar (1.4 y –1 ). All technologies investigated here when used substitute comparable conventional In potential economically competitive was 0.39 -eq., i.e., 15% from production. This level is limited paste. The also it 5 times cheaper producing carbonated than carbon capture storage (CCS), demonstrating its superior decarbonization potential. On other hand, currently much more expensive using some technologies, like normal weight aggregate production, CCS. Technologies policies increase recovery aged infrastructure key unlocking reducing footprint materials.

Language: Английский

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Seawater carbonate chemistry based carbon dioxide removal: towards commonly agreed principles for carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) from the atmosphere is unavoidable if we are to meet Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming 1.5°C, and almost certainly required limit 2°C. The ocean exchanges carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with a large repository that could either be partially emptied allow more CO absorption or have its storage capacity enhanced it remove additional atmosphere. Early-stage techniques exist utilise in atmospheric removal, but typically, removal these stimulate happens downstream their activity. Verifying associated techniques, while critical when evaluating approaches pricing challenging. This study briefly reviews challenges verifying non-biological (abiotic) engineered marine CDR approaches, specifically Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Direct Capture Storage, presents findings workshop held interested parties spanning industry government, focused on collective requirements for Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) removal. We find possible agree common set principles abiotic MRV, identify delivering this MRV today’s understanding technology prohibitively expensive. discuss focal areas drive down costs highlight importance specification criteria by an ultimate regulator investment into work. High-quality important correctly price any accessibility transparency also key realising broader benefits society.

Language: Английский

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Direct Electrochemical Seawater Splitting for Green Hydrogen and Artificial Reefs

ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(14), P. 7636 - 7642

Published: July 4, 2023

The electrochemical splitting of abundant seawater using renewable electricity to generate green hydrogen holds a great promise for energy transport and storage. However, direct electrolysis suffers from side reactions degradation electrodes due impurities. Here, we demonstrate device that uses only air. was desalinated first by oxygen reduction, which created an alkaline environment concurrently captured CO2 remove Ca Mg ions. Simultaneously, artificial reefs could be formed. softened immediately utilized produce hydrogen. This proof concept shows coupled with value-added processes, allowing the utilization without pretreatment or purification circumventing challenges posed impurities cost. With simultaneous production H2 reefs, elimination, powered solely electricity, this strategy provides approach sustainable production.

Language: Английский

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A systematic analysis of operating parameters for CO2 capture from seawater by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BPMED)

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 126679 - 126679

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Implementation of marine CO2 removal for climate mitigation: The challenges of additionality, predictability, and governability

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Achieving net zero CO2 emissions requires gigatonne-scale atmospheric removal (CDR) to balance residual that are extremely difficult eliminate. Marine CDR (mCDR) methods seen increasingly as potentially important additions a global portfolio of climate policy actions. The most widely considered mCDR coastal blue carbon and seaweed farming primarily depend on biological manipulations; ocean iron fertilisation, alkalinity enhancement, direct capture chemical artificial upwelling depends physical manipulation the system. It is currently highly uncertain which, if any, these approaches might be implemented at sufficient scale make meaningful contribution zero. Here, we derive framework based additionality, predictability, governability assess implementation challenges for methods. We argue increase sequestration due relative baseline state, will harder determine those with relatively large inherent complexity, therefore higher potential unpredictable impacts, both climatic non-climatic. Predictability inherently lower biology than relying or manipulations. Furthermore, predictability require multiple components an method also affects its governability, complex outcomes greater likelihood unintended consequences more monitoring regulation, risk management verified accounting. systematic assessment increases their chances leading benefit informs political decision-making around implementation.

Language: Английский

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Pathways for marine carbon dioxide removal using electrochemical acid-base generation

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 12, 2024

Research over the past decade has resulted in various methods for removing CO 2 from atmosphere using seawater and electrochemically generated acids bases. This Perspective aims to present a unified framework comparing these approaches. Specifically, can all be seen as falling into one of two categories: those that result net increase ocean alkalinity use “ocean sponge” atmospheric (ocean enhancement, or OAE) cycle pump” cycling, OAC). In this Perspective, approaches marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) electrochemistry are compared framework, similarities differences categories explored.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable carbon-negative mineral extraction from desalination brine

Applied Catalysis B Environment and Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 357, P. 124321 - 124321

Published: June 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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