Aerosolized algal bloom toxins are not inert DOI Creative Commons
Eric P. Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn, Geoffrey I. Scott

et al.

Environmental Science Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1113 - 1128

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are projected to become increasingly prevalent, extending over longer periods and wider geographic regions due the warming surface ocean water other environmental factors, including but not limited nutrient concentrations runoff for marine freshwater environments. Incidents of respiratory distress linked inhalation aerosols containing HAB toxins have been documented, though risk is typically associated with original toxins. However, aerosolized in micrometer submicrometer particles vulnerable atmospheric processing. This processing can potentially degrade produce byproducts varying potencies compared parent The toxins, especially conjunction co-morbid factors such as exposure air pollutants from increased commercial activities ports, may represent a significant pathway considerable portion global population. Understanding chemistry behind transformation these enhance public protection by improving existing alert systems.

Language: Английский

From Quencher to Promoter: Revisiting the Role of 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol (TMP) in Triplet-State Photochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter DOI
Penghui Du, Biwei Yang, Alex Chow

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Triplet-state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) plays a crucial role in environmental aquatic photochemistry, with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) frequently used as chemical probe or quencher due to its high reactivity 3DOM*. However, the influence of TMP-derived oxidation intermediates on target photochemical reactions has not been comprehensively examined. This study investigated TMP's effect photolysis sulfamethoxazole (SMX), common antibiotic found natural waters, presence different DOM sources model photosensitizer. Contrary expectation, TMP significantly accelerated SMX photolysis, extent enhancement depending and concentrations. Laser flash kinetic modeling suggested long-lived reactive species (TMP-RS), including phenoxyl radicals, semiquinone quinones, key factors this process. Unlike 3DOM*, TMP-RS may react formation non-SMX•+ intermediates. process prevents reduction SMX•+ subsequent regeneration SMX. The successfully predicts dynamic contributions various during reaction, highlighting critical TMP-RS. advances our understanding involvement triplet-state photochemistry suggests reconsideration RSs play transformation micropollutants.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Photolytic Transformation of Trace Organic Compounds: Roles of Direct Photolysis and Indirect Photolysis by Singlet Oxygen DOI
Doorae Lee, Ibrahim Alyami, Hercílio E. Zimila

et al.

Water Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123799 - 123799

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Aerosolized algal bloom toxins are not inert DOI Creative Commons
Eric P. Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn, Geoffrey I. Scott

et al.

Environmental Science Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1113 - 1128

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are projected to become increasingly prevalent, extending over longer periods and wider geographic regions due the warming surface ocean water other environmental factors, including but not limited nutrient concentrations runoff for marine freshwater environments. Incidents of respiratory distress linked inhalation aerosols containing HAB toxins have been documented, though risk is typically associated with original toxins. However, aerosolized in micrometer submicrometer particles vulnerable atmospheric processing. This processing can potentially degrade produce byproducts varying potencies compared parent The toxins, especially conjunction co-morbid factors such as exposure air pollutants from increased commercial activities ports, may represent a significant pathway considerable portion global population. Understanding chemistry behind transformation these enhance public protection by improving existing alert systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

0