Nanozyme‐Enabled Biomedical Diagnosis: Advances, Trends, and Challenges

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract As nanoscale materials with the function of catalyzing substrates through enzymatic kinetics, nanozymes are regarded as potential alternatives to natural enzymes. Compared protein‐based enzymes, exhibit attractive characteristics low preparation cost, robust activity, flexible performance adjustment, and versatile functionalization. These advantages endow them wide use from biochemical sensing environmental remediation medical theranostics. Especially in biomedical diagnosis, feature catalytic signal amplification provided by makes emerging labels for detection biomarkers diseases, rapid developments observed recent years. To provide a comprehensive overview progress made this dynamic field, here an diagnosis enabled is provided. This review first summarizes synthesis nanozyme then discusses main strategies applied enhance their activity specificity. Subsequently, representative utilization combined biological elements disease reviewed, including related metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive diseases well cancers. Finally, some development trends nanozyme‐enabled highlighted, corresponding challenges also pointed out, aiming inspire future efforts further advance promising field.

Language: Английский

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Surface Science of Nanozymes and Defining a Nanozyme Unit

Langmuir, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 3617 - 3622

Published: March 15, 2022

The field of nanozyme aims to use nanomaterials replace protein-based enzymes. Nanozymes have attracted extensive interest because their stability, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. While the focus has mainly been discovery new materials exploration analytical, biomedical, environmental applications, number fundamental studies is growing. are related two important fields: enzymology heterogeneous catalysis. Although fitting kinetic data Michaelis–Menten kinetics a very common practice, using surface science methods catalysis can provide insights about catalytic mechanisms. definition unit critical understanding comparing activities. In this perspective, we articulate approach study nanozymes discuss various application scenarios different units.

Language: Английский

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ROS-Targeted Depression Therapy via BSA-Incubated Ceria Nanoclusters

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 4519 - 4527

Published: May 18, 2022

Depression is one of the most fatal mental diseases, and there currently a lack efficient drugs for treatment depression. Emerging evidence has indicated oxidative stress as key pathological feature We targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesized CeO2@BSA nanoclusters novel antidepression nanodrug via convenient, green, highly effective bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubation strategy. ultrasmall size (2 nm) with outstanding ROS scavenging blood-brain barrier crossing capacity, rapid metabolism, negligible adverse effects in vitro vivo. administration alleviates depressive behaviors depression-related changes chronic restraint stress-induced model, suggesting promising therapeutic Our study proved validity by directly using nanodrugs instead them nanocarrier, which greatly expands application nanomaterials depression treatment.

Language: Английский

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Flower‐Like Nanozymes with Large Accessibility of Single Atom Catalysis Sites for ROS Generation Boosted Tumor Therapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(16)

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

Abstract The use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators based on single‐atom catalysts (SACs) has been an emerging strategy for mediating tumor therapy, however, the current systems suffer from low mass transport efficiency. Here, a novel morphology fragmentation is developed to fabricate flower‐like SAC nanozymes with greatly improved 3D accessibility active sites. Specifically, coordinationally polymerized zeolite imidazole framework acts as polyphenol oxidase‐like enzyme catalyze in situ polymerization polydopamine (PDA) which leads blockage micropores and crosslinking morphology‐deteriorated ZIF nanosheets. protective carbonization by PDA results (C‐NFs) plenty reopened defect mesopores (≈4 nm) nanopetals, large interpetal pore space (≈39 nm), high surface area (388 m 2 g −1 ), well ultrahigh loading metal atoms (27.3 wt%). Subsequently, superior peroxidases‐like activity (36.6‐fold increment turnover frequency) facilitates significantly strengthened ROS generation damage biomolecules. Moreover, employment apoferritin modification/loading particle dispersion solution concomitant drug loading. following cancer cell re‐sensitization proven be advantageous boosting ROS‐facilitated treatment drug‐resistant tumors, opening up new avenues therapy.

Language: Английский

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Nanoceria as an Electron Reservoir: Spontaneous Deposition of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 20567 - 20576

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Designing metal–metal oxide heteronanostructures with synergistic and superior activities (unattainable in the case of a single entity) is great interest for wide range technological applications. Traditional synthetic strategies typically require reducing agents, stabilizing ligands, or high temperature reductive treatment to produce oxide-supported metals. Herein, facile noble metal deposition strategy developed silver, gold, platinum nanocrystals on surface hollow mesoporous cerium nanospheres without any pretreatment. Unlike galvanic replacement reaction, protocol employs innate potential CeO2 density ultrafine homogeneously immobilized onto nanospheres. The multienzyme-like (i.e., superoxide dismutase-like catalase-like) CeO2@metal nanostructures, originating from nanoparticles, were effectively utilized anti-inflammatory therapies two vivo models. This oxygen vacancy-mediated reduction can be generalized diverse nanostructures

Language: Английский

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