Cell Regeneration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
are
crucial
in
the
heart’s
development,
function,
and
injury.
As
part
of
innate
immune
system,
they
act
as
first
line
defense
during
cardiac
injury
repair.
After
events
such
myocardial
infarction
or
myocarditis,
numerous
macrophages
recruited
to
affected
areas
heart
clear
dead
cells
facilitate
tissue
This
review
summarizes
roles
resident
developing
cardiovascular
diseases.
We
also
describe
how
macrophage
phenotypes
dynamically
change
within
disease
microenvironment,
exhibiting
distinct
pro-inflammatory
anti-inflammatory
functions.
Recent
studies
reveal
values
targeting
diseases
treatment
novel
bioengineering
technologies
engineered
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy.
Engineered
have
strong
natural
tropism
infiltration
for
aiming
reduce
inflammatory
response,
inhibit
excessive
fibrosis,
restore
function
promote
regeneration.
discuss
recent
highlighting
strategies
new
approaches
macrophages,
which
can
aid
recovery.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell-derived
with
a
phospholipid
bilayer
measuring
50–150
nm
in
diameter
demonstrated
therapeutic
potentials.
Limitations
such
as
the
natural
biodistribution
(mainly
concentrated
liver
and
spleen)
short
plasma
half-life
of
EVs
present
significant
challenges
to
their
clinical
translation.
In
recent
years,
growing
research
indicated
that
engineered
enhanced
targeting
lesion
sites
have
markedly
promoted
efficacy.
However,
there
is
dearth
systematic
knowledge
on
advances
engineering
for
targeted
delivery.
Herein,
we
provide
an
overview
mechanisms,
techniques,
translations
applications.
Enrichment
at
may
be
achieved
through
recognition
tissue
markers,
pathological
changes,
circumvention
mononuclear
phagocyte
system
(MPS).
Alternatively,
external
stimuli,
including
magnetic
fields
ultrasound,
also
employed.
EV
techniques
fulfill
functions
includes
genetic
engineering,
membrane
fusion,
chemical
modification
physical
modification.
A
comparative
statistical
analysis
was
conducted
elucidate
discrepancies
between
diverse
size,
morphology,
stability,
efficacy
vitro
vivo.
Additionally,
summary
registered
trials
utilizing
from
2010
2023
has
been
provided,
full
discussion
perspectives.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
mechanisms
associated
delivery
applications
advocate
further
explorations
accelerate
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(50), P. 33907 - 33921
Published: Dec. 3, 2024
Acute
liver
failure
(ALF)
is
a
serious
global
disease
characterized
by
rapid
onset
and
high
mortality.
Currently,
the
clinical
treatment
of
ALF
faces
considerable
hurdles
due
to
limited
medication
options
scarcity
transplants.
Despite
biomacromolecules
such
as
hepatocyte
growth
factor
(HGF)
glutathione
(GSH)
having
been
applied
for
symptom
relief
in
clinic,
they
still
face
substantial
challenges
including
poor
stability,
difficulty
acting
on
intracellular
targets,
inadequate
therapeutic
outcome.
In
this
work,
taking
advantage
innate
targeting
regenerative
capabilities
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs),
we
harnessed
MSC-derived
exosomes
natural
bioactive
carriers
simultaneous
delivery
HGF
GSH,
forming
fully
nanodrug
termed
HG@Exo.
Impressively,
HG@Exo
demonstrated
potent
effects
against
both
carbon
tetrachloride
(CCl
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 30, 2025
Exosomes,
as
vital
mediators
of
intercellular
communication,
play
a
critical
role
in
the
progression
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD).
Recently,
macrophage-derived
exosomes
(Mφ-Exos)
have
garnered
increasing
attention
because
their
significant
potential
early
diagnosis,
pathological
processes,
and
therapeutic
applications
for
CVD.
Exosomes
contain
diverse
nucleic
acids
(e.g.,
miRNAs,
mRNAs,
long
noncoding
RNAs
(lncRNAs))
proteins,
which
serve
specific
biomarkers
that
regulate
various
stages
For
example,
miRNAs
encapsulated
within
miR-21,
miR-133a,
miR-155)
are
closely
associated
with
atherosclerosis,
myocardial
infarction,
coronary
artery
disease,
stroke,
changes
abundance
can
diagnostic
prognostic
indicators.
Additionally,
composition
Mφ-Exos,
including
lipids,
plays
initiation,
progression,
inflammation
Research
on
Mφ-Exos
provides
new
directions
mechanistic
exploration,
novel
targets
However,
challenges
remain
regarding
exosome
isolation
identification
technologies.
Future
studies
need
to
further
explore
biological
properties
develop
more
efficient,
economical,
straightforward
methods.
This
review
summarizes
multifaceted
regulatory
roles
CVD,
encompassing
key
processes
such
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
metabolism,
cell
death.
has
shown
M1-Exos
promote
exacerbation
CVD
through
pro-inflammatory
pro-fibrotic
mechanisms,
while
M2-Exos
demonstrate
via
anti-inflammatory,
pro-angiogenic,
metabolic
reprogramming
pathways.
These
findings
not
only
reveal
complex
mechanisms
but
also
provide
perspectives
diagnosis
precision
treatment
disease.
Diabetic
wound
healing
remains
a
major
challenge
in
modern
medicine.
The
persistent
inflammation
and
immune
dysfunction
hinder
angiogenesis
by
producing
excessive
ROS
increasing
the
susceptibility
to
bacterial
infection.
In
this
study,
we
developed
an
integrated
strategy
for
whole-process
management
of
diabetic
wounds
based
on
bioinspired
adhesive
hydrogel
platform
with
hemostasis,
photothermal
antimicrobial,
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
angiogenic
properties.
A
composite
(termed
AQTGF)
using
poly(acrylic
acid)
(PAA)
quaternized
chitosan
(QCS)
as
backbone
materials
loaded
TA-Gd/Fe-bimetallic-phenolic
coordination
polymer
was
prepared.
AQTGF
displayed
favorable
mechanical
properties,
self-healing
capabilities,
adhesion
characteristics,
response
performance.
vitro
experiments
demonstrated
that
exhibits
excellent
antimicrobial
capacity
angiogenic,
M2
macrophage
phenotype
polarizing
addition,
rat
tail
amputation
liver
hemostasis
had
Moreover,
vivo
studies
have
indicated
can
facilitate
accelerating
epidermal
growth,
promoting
collagen
deposition,
modulating
polarization,
inhibiting
inflammation,
angiogenesis.
conclusion,
study
provides
adaptable
holds
promise
treatment
chronic
wounds.
