Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 6, 2025
Abstract
Lignin,
the
most
abundant
natural
aromatic
macromolecule,
holds
significant
potential
for
high-value
applications.
However,
its
complex
and
irregular
structure,
along
with
challenges
in
efficient
processing,
has
limited
widespread
use.
In
this
study,
we
propose
an
ecofriendly
continuous
process
utilizing
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DESs)
lignin
depolymerization
subsequent
production
of
nanoparticles.
DESs,
composed
choline
chloride
lactic
acid,
effectively
break
down
into
low-molecular-weight
homogeneous
fragments
while
also
serving
as
a
solvent
nanoparticle
formation.
The
depolymerized
nanoparticles
(DLNPs)
exhibited
uniform
particle
size
distribution
enhanced
surface
charge
due
to
interactions
DES,
resulting
excellent
long-term
dispersion
stability.
Chemical
analyses
indicated
that
primarily
involved
cleavage
β-O-4
linkages
retaining
structure
forming
condensation
products
such
pinoresinol
phenylcoumaran.
Thermal
analysis
revealed
DLNP
produced
through
displayed
improved
thermal
stability
compared
kraft
lignin,
suggesting
applications
high-temperature
environments,
flame
retardants.
This
study
demonstrates
DES-based
is
promising
alternative
conventional
organic
methods,
providing
sustainable
pathway
valorization.
Accounts of Chemical Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
57(14), P. 1918 - 1930
Published: July 4, 2024
ConspectusThe
increasing
demand
for
polymeric
materials
derived
from
petroleum
resources,
along
with
rising
concerns
about
climate
change
and
global
plastic
pollution,
has
driven
the
development
of
biobased
materials.
Lignin,
which
is
second
most
abundant
biomacromolecule
after
cellulose,
represents
a
promising
renewable
raw
material
source
preparation
advanced
The
lucrative
properties
lignin
include
its
high
carbon
content
(>60
atom
%),
thermal
stability,
biodegradability,
antioxidant
activity,
absorbance
ultraviolet
radiation,
slower
biodegradability
compared
to
other
wood
components.
Moreover,
advent
nanoparticles
(LNPs)
over
last
ten
years
circumvented
many
well-known
shortcomings
technical
lignins,
such
as
heterogeneity
poor
compatibility
polymers,
thereby
unlocking
great
potential
functional
materials.LNPs
stand
out
owing
their
well-defined
spherical
shape
excellent
colloidal
due
electrostatic
repulsion
forces
carboxylic
acid
phenolic
hydroxyl
groups
enriched
on
surface.
These
prevent
aggregation
in
aqueous
dispersions
(pH
3-9)
provide
surface
area
mass
ratio
that
been
exploited
adsorb
positively
charged
compounds
enzymes
or
polymers.
Consequently,
it
not
surprising
LNPs
have
become
prominent
player
applied
research
areas
biocatalysis
composites,
among
others.
However,
like
all
ventures
life,
also
face
certain
challenges
limit
end-uses.
Solvent
instability
remains
challenging
aspect
tendency
these
particles
dissolve
aggregate
organic
solvents
basic
acidic
pH,
thus
limiting
window
chemical
functionalization
applications.
In
addition,
need
solvent
during
preparation,
miscibility
hydrophobic
matrices,
nascent
phase
regarding
use
smart
identified
important
be
addressed.In
this
Account,
we
recapitulate
our
efforts
past
overcome
main
limitations
mentioned
above.
We
begin
brief
introduction
fundamentals
detailed
discussion
associated
challenges.
then
highlight
work
on:
(i)
Preparation
lignin-based
nanocomposites
improved
through
controlled
dispersion
within
matrix,
(ii)
Stabilization
via
covalent
(intraparticle
cross-linking)
noncovalent
(hydration
barrier)
approaches,
(iii)
an
organic-solvent-free
method
production
LNPs,
(iv)
toward
content.
Finally,
offer
perspectives
rapidly
growing
field.
Mucus
is
a
complex
hydrogel
that
acts
as
defensive
and
protective
barrier
in
various
parts
of
the
human
body.
The
rise
level
viral
infections
has
underscored
importance
advancing
research
into
mucus-mimicking
hydrogels
for
efficient
design
antiviral
agents.
Herein,
we
demonstrate
gram-scale
synthesis
biocompatible,
lignin-based
virus-binding
inhibitors
reduce
waste
ensure
long-term
availability.
are
equipped
with
sulfate
moieties,
which
known
binding
partners
many
viruses,
including
SARS-CoV-2
herpes
viruses.
In
addition,
cross-linking
synthesized
yielded
mimicked
native
mucus
concerning
surface
functionality
rheology.
degree
sulfation
exhibits
very
strong
impact
on
mesh
size
distribution
hydrogels,
provides
new
means
to
fine-tune
steric
electrostatic
contributions
virus–hydrogel
interaction.
This
feature
strongly
impacts
sequestration
capability
demonstrated
by
infection
inhibition
assays
involving
simplex
virus
1,
influenza
A
bacterium
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli).
These
measurements
showed
reduction
plaque-forming
units
(HSV-1)
colony-forming
coli)
more
than
4
orders
magnitude,
indicating
potent
hydrogels.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(27), P. 10045 - 10067
Published: June 22, 2024
Given
the
growing
urgency
to
address
food
security
and
environmental-preservation
challenges,
sustainable
agriculture
assumes
undeniable
global
relevance.
Furthermore,
using
renewable
biomass
as
a
base
for
nanopesticides
offers
an
environmentally
friendly
solution,
reducing
dependence
on
nonrenewable
resources
promoting
circular
economy.
This
study
examined
use
of
lignocellulosic
in
formulating
nanopesticides,
highlighting
their
potential
alternative
conventional
pesticides.
By
incorporating
lignocellulose
into
controlled
release
nanosystems,
researchers
observed
improved
adhesion,
stability,
ability
pesticides,
significantly
need
reapplication
risk
environmental
pollution.
Encapsulation,
formulation,
characterization
techniques
biomass-based
were
discussed,
control
active
ingredient
release.
Additionally,
provides
thorough
overview
recent
research,
underscoring
promising
effectiveness
these
across
diverse
crops.
Hence,
this
review
compiles
advancements,
trends,
challenges
utilizing
aiming
furnish
valuable
resource
scientists,
researchers,
farmers,
policymakers
committed
advancing
agricultural
practices.
