Double Hole Transport Layers Enable 20.42% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Aggregation Control of Self‐Assembled Molecules on Cobalt Salt Surfaces

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Heterojunction interfaces play a crucial role in charge carrier transport, influencing the overall photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite importance, advancements interfacial engineering, especially optimizing microstructure and nanomorphology, have not kept pace with research on photoactive layers. In study, strategy is explored to control self-assembly growth alcohol-soluble Me-4PACz (4P) used as hole transport layer (HTL) OSCs. The surface architecture modified inorganic Co salts via Cu doping UV-ozone treatments, creating smooth top an increased Co3+/Co2+ ratio hydroxyl groups. This meticulous design fine-tuned assembly behavior self-assembled molecules, resulting transition from spherical aggregates more uniform worm-like morphology. Additionally, electrical optical properties are optimized passivate defects enhance wettability solvents, leading improved extraction reduced recombination losses. Consequently, OSC Cu-Co/4P HTL exhibited highest power conversion efficiency 20.42% (certified 20.20%). characteristic universality stability make potential candidate for widespread applications, particularly providing rationalized guidance further

Language: Английский

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Efficient Functional Compensation Layer Integrated with HTL for Improved Stability and Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Improving the interface characteristics between hole-transport layer (HTL) and perovskite absorber is crucial for achieving maximum efficiency in inverted solar cells (PSCs). This paper presents an effective functional compensation (FCL) composed of benzothiophene derivatives, particularly 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (TFMBTA); this introduced MeO-2PACz HTL to improve interfacial them. FCL improves charge transfer, hole extraction, deposition by improving surface morphology optimizing energy level alignment. The groups TFMBTA effectively passivate defects. As a result, introduction markedly reduces non-radiative recombination at layer. MeO-2PACz-based PSCs with demonstrated impressive peak power conversion 23.85%, accompanied substantially enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), long-term stability. Similarly, introducing PEDOT:PSS both stability PSCs, demonstrating universality FCLs across different types HTLs.

Language: Английский

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Reinforcement of Carbazole-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with excellent hole conduction capabilities significantly improve the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, amphiphilic nature SAMs causes spontaneous formation spherical micelles in solution, limiting their surface coverage and uniformity on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Furthermore, distribution directly affects morphology films charges transfer properties at buried interface. This study employs a cosolvent strategy combining n-butanol dimethyl sulfoxide to uniform spreading ITO. The synergistic interaction between solvent molecules smooths [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) enhances its coverage. based MeO-2PACz has characteristics concentrated potential high work function, exhibiting enhanced P-type behavior. Additionally, cosolvent-treated provide nucleation sites for crystallization perovskite, effectively eliminating void defects interface improving crystallinity films. Consequently, optimized device achieves power conversion efficiency (PCE) 25.51% fill factor 84.38%. ordered stability PSCs, encapsulated retaining 92.63% initial PCE after operating 1500 h under simulated AM 1.5G standard irradiation air 65 °C.

Language: Английский

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Progress of Hole‐Transport Layers in Mixed Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(49)

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology, with record efficiencies surpassing 26%, approaching the theoretical Shockley-Queisser limit. The advent of all-perovskite tandem (APTSCs), integrating Pb-based wide-bandgap (WBG) mixed Sn-Pb narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskites, presents compelling pathway to surpass this Despite recent innovations in hole transport layers (HTLs) that significantly improved efficiency and stability lead-based PSCs, an effective HTL tailored for NBG PSCs remains unmet need. This review highlights essential role HTLs enhancing performance focusing on their ability mitigate non-radiative recombination optimize buried interface, thereby improving film quality. distinct attributes such lower energy levels accelerated crystallization rates, necessitate specialized properties. In study, latest advancements are systematically examined encompassing organic, self-assembled monolayer (SAM), inorganic materials, HTL-free designs. critically assesses inherent limitations each category, finally proposes strategies surmount these obstacles reach higher device performance.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells: innovations in self-assembled monolayers

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) show remarkable potential due to their high-power conversion efficiencies and scalability. However, challenges related stability long-term performance remain significant. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as a crucial solution, enhancing interfacial properties, facilitating hole extraction, minimizing non-radiative recombination. This review examines recent advancements in SAMs for PVSCs, focusing on three key areas: anchoring groups interface engineering, electronic structure modulation well band alignment, optimization. We emphasize the role of reducing defects improving crystallinity, alongside ability fine-tune energy levels more effective extraction. Additionally, co-adsorbed SAM strategies was discussed which can enhance durability PVSCs against thermal moisture degradation. Overall, present promising avenue addressing both efficiency paving way toward commercial viability. Future research should prioritize environmental scaling up applications industrial implementation.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Monolayers for High-Efficiency Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 23, 2025

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely applied to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due their transparency, tunability, selectivity, and diversity. While numerous studies focused on synthesizing various new types of SAMs enhance charge transport, there remains a need for further research reducing clusters improving the film coverage. Achieving uniform ensuring intimate contact with are processes that require deeper investigation. In this study, we employ additive engineering introduce micromolecule, 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (4MA), into [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl] phosphonic (Ph-4PACz). The incorporation 4MA can not only prevent aggregation Ph-4PACz through competitive mechanism, leading improved coverage uniformity, but also passivate layer reduce recombination in PSCs. As result, more homogeneous higher-quality films achieved both surface bottom layer. Moreover, optimizes alignment energy band enhances carrier transfer. These combined effects contribute high power conversion efficiency 23.8% methylammonium-free Our study demonstrates potential presents method producing SAMs, which is highly advantageous industrial applications.

Language: Английский

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Stabilize Perovskite Precursors and Inhibit Intermediates for High Performing Perovskite Solar Cells

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Abstract Significant power conversion efficiency (PCEs) advancements have been made in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the degraded precursor can severely affect crystallinity and reproducibility of films, stability intermediate phases during film growth remains a considerable hurdle. Here saccharin sodium (SacS) is introduced into precursor. Benefiting from electron‐rich sulfonyl (O═S═O) carbonyl (C═O) groups, SacS molecule formed stable complex with lead(II) iodide (PbI 2 ) precursor, which retarded degradation colloidal aggregation suppresses formation unfavorable growth. The strong interaction reduces surface energy nuclei promotes larger‐sized nuclei, resulting high‐quality films vertical orientation. This approach significantly improves (PCE) device to 24.8% bolsters long‐term stability.

Language: Английский

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Application of PACz-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Materials in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(47), P. 64424 - 64446

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Due to the advantages of low interface resistance, high work function, and stability, PACz family materials have developed rapidly in p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) recent years. Numerous studies shown that PSCs prepared on basis or their derivatives as hole transport layers (HTLs) generally exhibit superior performance compared organic HTL PTAA inorganic NiO

Language: Английский

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Designing amino-terminated self-assembled monolayers on TiO₂ for enhanced interface engineering in perovskite solar cells: boosting efficiency and stability

Emergent Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Scalable Impregnation Method for Preparing a Self-Assembled Monolayer in High-Performance Vapor-Deposited Lead-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via vapor deposition has undergone significant enhancement through the incorporation a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) serving as hole transport layer. To achieve high-performance PSCs, SAM layer needs to maintain dense and high-coverage configuration during fabrication process. Our investigation revealed that solid-vapor reaction, conditions high temperature low pressure can potentially lead migration molecules, particularly those adsorbed on surface but have not yet formed covalent bonds. In this study, overcome limitation, we developed an impregnation process for mixed molecules with (4-(7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (4PADCB) glycine hydrochloride (GH), which reduces agglomeration enhances their strong anchoring ability substrate, thereby maintaining extremely coverage rate even in high-temperature low-pressure environment reactions. Consequently, champion efficiencies 22.15% (0.16 cm2) 19.18% (5 cm × 5 module) are achieved, is highest record PSCs based deposition. Moreover, advantages reusability, good uniformity, cost, very broad commercial prospects.

Language: Английский

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