International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(23), P. 12609 - 12609
Published: Nov. 24, 2024
The
efficacy
of
photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
based
on
traditional
photosensitizers
is
generally
limited
by
the
cellular
redox
homeostasis
system
due
to
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
scavenging
effect
glutathione
(GSH).
In
this
study,
buthionine
sulfoximine
(BSO),
a
GSH
inhibitor,
was
conjugated
with
amine
group
chitosan
oligosaccharide
(COS)
using
thioketal
linker
(COSthBSO)
liberate
BSO
and
chlorine
e6
(Ce6)
under
oxidative
stress,
then,
Ce6-COSthBSO
NP
(Ce6-COSthBSO
NP),
fabricated
dialysis
procedure,
showed
an
accelerated
release
rate
Ce6
addition
hydrogen
peroxide,
indicating
that
nanophotosensitizers
have
ROS
sensitivity.
in
vitro
cell
culture
study
HCT116
colon
carcinoma
cells,
combination
efficiently
suppressed
intracellular
increased
production
compared
sole
treatment
Ce6.
particular,
higher
suppression
levels
free
Ce6/BSO
combination.
These
results
were
fact
delivered
region,
levels,
elevated
levels.
vivo
animal
tumor
xenograft
demonstrated
being
tissue,
i.e.,
fluorescence
intensity
tissue
than
those
other
organs.
growth
Ce6,
might
suppress
increase
microenvironment.
Specifically,
strongest
performance
inhibition
or
CE6/BSO
combination,
they
then
inhibited
growth.
We
suggest
COSthBSO
are
promising
candidates
for
PDT
cancer
cells.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 7547 - 7566
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract:
Cancer
poses
a
significant
threat
to
human
life
and
health.
Chemotherapy
is
currently
one
of
the
effective
cancer
treatments,
but
many
chemotherapy
drugs
have
cell
toxicity,
low
solubility,
poor
stability,
narrow
therapeutic
window,
unfavorable
pharmacokinetic
properties.
To
solve
above
problems,
target
drug
delivery
tumor
cells,
reduce
side
effects
drugs,
an
anti-tumor
system
based
on
microenvironment
has
become
focus
research
in
recent
years.
The
construction
reduction-sensitive
nanomedicine
disulfide
bonds
attracted
much
attention.
Disulfide
good
reductive
responsiveness
can
effectively
high
glutathione
(GSH)
levels
environment,
enabling
precise
delivery.
further
enhance
targeting
accelerate
release,
are
often
combined
with
pH-responsive
nanocarriers
highly
expressed
ligands
cells
construct
systems.
connect
molecules
polymer
system,
as
well
between
different
carrier
molecules.
This
article
summarized
systems
(DDS)
that
researchers
constructed
years
bond
microenvironment,
cleavage-triggering
conditions,
various
loading
strategies,
design.
In
this
review,
we
also
discuss
controlled
release
mechanisms
these
DDS
clinical
applicability
challenges
faced
translation.
Keywords:
bond,
systems,
GSH/ROS
ChemistrySelect,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(9)
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract
Ruthenium
complexes
are
gaining
recognition
in
oncology
as
promising
alternatives
to
the
traditionally
used
platinum‐based
anticancer
agents.
Unlike
Pt
agents,
they
can
better
differentiate
between
healthy
and
malignant
cells,
minimizing
adverse
side
effects.
They
exhibit
advantageous
properties
such
thermodynamic
kinetic
stability,
increased
water
solubility,
enhanced
cellular
absorption,
superior
selectivity
cytotoxicity
for
tumors,
decreased
toxicity
cells.
has
been
make
having
structural
variability
ability
undergo
ligand
exchange.
effective
against
metastatic
tumor
cells
interact
with
components;
their
significant
charges
large
cavities
allow
efficient
molecule
encapsulation.
These
being
explored
enhance
efficacy
enzymatic
research
targeted
therapies.
The
manifold
biochemical
of
ruthenium
induce
cell
apoptosis
through
various
signaling
pathways
them
candidates
future
Despite
successful
testing
some
these
clinical
trials,
none
have
commercially
available.
Continued
aims
unlock
full
potential
cancer
treatment.
This
review
covers
a
few
findings
past
6
years
on
ligated
organic
moieties
antineoplastic
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Inadvertent
exposure
to
aristolochic
acids
(AAs)
is
causing
chronic
renal
disease
worldwide,
with
acid
I
(AA-I)
identified
as
the
primary
toxic
agent.
This
study
employed
chemical
methods
investigate
mechanisms
underlying
nephrotoxicity
and
carcinogenicity
of
AA-I.
Aristolochic
II
(AA-II),
which
has
a
structure
similar
that
AA-I,
was
investigated
same
for
comparison.
Despite
their
structural
similarities,
findings
from
cultured
human
cells
gut
sac
experiments
showed
AA-I
absorbed
more
effectively
than
AA-II
(∼3
times
greater
AA-II;
p
<
0.001).
increased
absorption,
along
previously
observed
higher
activity
reductive
activation
enzymes
results
in
DNA
damage
oxidative
stress,
both
are
key
factors
AA-related
toxicity.
The
patterns
cell
mortality
(34.4
±
2.3%
vs
9.7
0.1%
at
80
μM;
0.0001),
adduct
formation
0.001),
stress
levels
relation
concentrations
indicate
absorption
rate
significant
contributor
its
toxicity
also
found
be
further
enhanced
by
(natural)
coexistence
AA-II.
Since
differ
only
methoxy
group,
future
research
on
reducing
risks
associated
AA
should
focus
strategies
lower
these
compounds.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
39(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Postoperative
cognitive
dysfunction
(POCD)
is
a
common
neurological
complication
after
surgery
and
general
anesthesia,
the
incidence
increases
with
age.
Will
have
negative
impact
on
patients,
family
society.
At
present,
neuroinflammation
oxidative
stress
are
main
recognized
mechanisms.
Glutathione
(GSH)
powerful
reducing
agent
may
be
related
to
POCD.
Using
medical
search
engines
such
as
PubMed,
Web
of
Science,
we
analyzed
articles
topics
as:
POCD,
GSH,
microglia,
astrocyte,
oligodendrocyte,
ferroptosis,
BDNF,
Neuroinflammation,
stress.
The
above
searched
in
databases
using
Boolean
operations.
We
included
original
articles,
reviews
other
article
types
books.
According
reviewed
literature,
GSH
treatment
for
Specific
targeted
therapies
POCD
still
sparse,
therefore,
implementation
preventive
strategies
appears
remain
optimal
attitude.
Further
research
needed
better
understanding
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 7, 2025
Metals
have
long
held
a
significant
role
in
the
human
body
and
been
utilized
as
mineral
medicines
for
thousands
of
years.
The
modern
advancement
metals
pharmacology,
particularly
metallodrugs,
has
become
crucial
disease
treatment.
As
machanism
metallodurgsare
increasingly
uncovered,
some
metallodrugs
are
already
approved
by
FDA
widely
used
treating
antitumor,
antidiabetes,
antibacterial.
Therefore,
thorough
understanding
metallodrug
development
is
essential
advancing
future
study.
This
review
offers
an
in-depth
examination
evolution
applications
within
contemporary
medicine.
We
specifically
aim
to
summarize
historical
trajectory
Traditional
Chinese
Mineral
Medicine
analyzing
key
texts
representative
medicines.
Additionally,
we
discuss
recent
advancements
metallodrugs'
mechanisms,
such
protein
interactions,
enzyme
inhibition,
DNA
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
generation,
cellular
structure
targeting.
Furthermore,
address
challenges
propose
potential
solutions.
Lastly,
outline
directions
enhance
their
efficacy
effectiveness.
progression
broadened
contributed
significantly
patient
health,
creating
good
healthcare
solutions
global
population.
Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 11
Published: April 7, 2025
Cancer
cells
display
a
distinctive
defense
mechanism
against
any
exogenous
moieties
that
renders
all
treatments
inefficient.
Glutathione,
thiol
tripeptide
plays
paradoxical
role
in
cancer
as
intracellular
glutathione
(GSH)
are
voracious
scavengers
of
free
radicals
produced
by
chemotherapy,
generation
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and
nitrogen
(RNS).
show
Warburg
effect,
wherein
the
GSH
levels
exceptionally
enhanced
to
overcome
oxidative
stress
created
ROS/RNS
production
or
other
generated
side
products
redox
reactions.
Therefore,
resetting
is
essential
maintain
homeostasis
for
cell
survival
their
proliferation
trigger
escalation
levels.
Nanotherapeutics
have
facilitated
targeted
delivery
GSH-depleting
agents
combination
with
radiotherapy,
novel
therapeutic
interventions
including
chemodynamic
therapy
(CDT),
photodynamic
(PDT),
ferroptosis
induction,
sonodynamic
(SDT),
immunotherapy
being
explored.
This
review
aims
compile
strategic
cells,
importance
nanotherapeutics
depletion
target
numerous
forms
programmed
death
(PCD),
apoptosis,
ferroptosis,
necroptosis,
autophagy.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: April 15, 2025
Cancer
immunotherapy
aims
to
harness
the
body's
own
immune
system
for
effective
and
long-lasting
elimination
of
malignant
neoplastic
tissues.
Owing
advance
in
understanding
cancer
pathology
immunology,
many
novel
strategies
enhancing
immunological
responses
against
various
cancers
have
been
successfully
developed,
some
translated
into
excellent
clinical
outcomes.
As
one
promising
strategy
next
generation
immunotherapies,
activating
multi-cellular
network
(MCN)
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
deploy
multiple
mechanisms
action
(MOAs)
has
attracted
significant
attention.
To
achieve
this
effectively
safely,
delivering
or
pleiotropic
therapeutic
cargoes
targeted
sites
cancerous
tissues,
cells,
intracellular
organelles
is
critical,
which
numerous
nanocarriers
developed
leveraged.
In
review,
we
first
introduce
payloads
categorized
according
their
predicted
functions
physicochemical
structures
forms.
Then,
nanocarriers,
along
with
unique
characteristics,
properties,
advantages,
limitations,
are
introduced
notable
recent
applications
immunotherapy.
Following
discussions
on
targeting
strategies,
a
summary
each
nanocarrier
matching
suitable
provided
comprehensive
background
information
designing
regimens.
