Diagnostic
biomolecule
quantification
in
healthcare
relies
on
effective
but
centralized
laboratory
testing
procedures.
However,
as
the
need
for
rapidly
grows,
current
process
is
struggling
to
meet
demand.
Rapid
point-of-contact
analysis
devices
are
not
capable
of
non-invasive
small,
dilute
molecules
such
steroid
hormones
saliva.
Current
literature
bioquantification
suffer
from
drawbacks
short
shelf
life,
high
intra-device
variability,
sample
matrix
effects,
material
incompatibilities,
high-cost
fabrication
and
data
collection
that
rely
conditions
processes.
This
body
work
took
our
organic
electrolyte
gated
field
effect
transistor
(OEGFET),
a
novel
biosensor
architecture,
developed
it
into
feasible
platform
real-world
applications.
Iterative
development
through
architecture
prototyping,
optimization
selection
has
solved
key
challenges
scale
biosensors
whilst
adding
functionalities.
Expensive,
specialized
requirements
gradually
replaced
with
wet
lab-based
solution
processing
techniques
facile
manufacturing,
making
cost
effective,
flexible,
suitable
scale-up
manufacturing.
The
OEGFET
improved
electrical
characteristics:
on/off
ratio
(from
140
up
103);
reduced
leakage
currents
90nA
down
5.8nA);
threshold
voltage
4V
0.23V).
Real
world
needs
biosensing
applications
life
3
days
1
month),
translation
dopamine
cortisol
α-synuclein
been
demonstrated
selectivity
broad,
physiologically
relevant
detection
range
(over
1mM–100fM,
limit
10fM)
buffer
solutions
complex
samples
spiked
saliva
supernatant.
Key
additional
functionalities
integration
bespoke
small
footprint
printed
circuit
board
low
power
(<300mW)
thus
removing
reliance
equipment,
integrated
microfluidic
channels
consistent
plate
separation
handling.
resulting
handling
fluidics,
low-power
operation,
simple
method,
broadly
applicable.
Presently,
neurotransmitters,
proteins,
hormones.
During
course
author’s
doctoral
program
was
transformed
potential
rapid,
quantification.
Biosensors,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 280 - 280
Published: April 29, 2025
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
marked
by
the
progressive
loss
of
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra,
imposes
substantial
economic
burdens,
including
both
direct
and
indirect
costs.
The
medical
community
currently
lacks
definitive
cure
for
disease,
early
detection
is
crucial
timely
intervention
management.
As
innovative
diagnostic
tools,
biosensors
have
shown
great
potential
detecting
PD
at
its
stages.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
recent
advances
PD,
with
particular
focus
on
two
key
biomarkers:
dopamine
(DA)
α-synuclein
(α-syn).
Furthermore,
it
illustrates
variety
nanotechnology-based
biosensors,
optical,
electrochemical,
transistor
detailing
their
underlying
principles,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
detection.
Moreover,
explores
challenges
prospects
advancing
diagnosis.
Parkinson’s
Disease
(PD)
is
a
debilitating
neurodegenerative
disease,
causing
loss
of
motor
function,
and
in
some
instances,
cognitive
decline
dementia,
those
affected.
The
quality
life
can
be
improved,
disease
progression
delayed
through
early
interventions,
however,
current
methods
confirming
PD
diagnosis
are
extremely
invasive.
This
prevents
their
use
as
screening
tool
for
the
onset
stages
PD.
We
propose
surface
imprinted
polymer
(SIP)
electroimpedance
spectroscopy
(EIS)
biosensor
detecting
α-Synuclein
(αSyn)
its
aggregates,
biomarker
that
appears
saliva
blood
during
brain
barrier
degrades.
stamp
fabricated
by
low
temperature
melt
stamping
polycaprolactone
(PCL)
on
interdigitated
EIS
electrodes.
result
low-cost,
small
footprint
highly
suitable
non-invasive
monitoring
biomarker.
sensors
were
tested
with
αSyn
dilutions
deionized
water,
constant
ionic
concentration
matrix
solutions
decreasing
concentrations
to
remove
background
effects
concentration.
device
response
confirmed
specificity
these
devices
target
protein
monomeric
αSyn.
sensor
limit
detection
was
measured
5
pg/L
linear
range
–
µg/L.
covers
physiological
makes
this
promising
method
quantifying
monomers
patients
future.
SIP
regenerated,
reused
demonstrate
capability
repeat
sensing
potential
continuous
ACS Sensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. 4307 - 4327
Published: Aug. 27, 2024
Parkinson's
Disease
is
the
second
most
common
neurological
disease
in
United
States,
yet
there
no
cure,
pinpointed
cause,
and
definitive
diagnostic
procedure.
typically
diagnosed
when
patients
present
with
motor
symptoms
such
as
slowness
of
movement
tremors.
However,
none
these
are
specific
to
Parkinson's,
a
confident
diagnosis
only
achieved
60-80%
dopaminergic
neurons
longer
functioning,
at
which
point
much
damage
brain
irreversible.
This
Perspective
details
ongoing
efforts
accomplishments
biosensor
research
goal
overcoming
issues
for
care,
focus
on
potential
impact
early
associated
opportunities
pinpoint
cause
cure.
We
critically
analyze
strengths
shortcomings
current
technologies
discuss
ideal
characteristics
technology
toolbox
guide
future
decisions
this
space.
Finally,
we
assess
what
role
biosensors
can
play
facilitating
precision
medicine
patients.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 23
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
AbstractSaliva
is
one
of
the
most
critical
human
body
fluids
that
can
reflect
state
body.
The
detection
saliva
great
significance
for
disease
diagnosis
and
health
monitoring.
Microfluidics,
characterized
by
microscale
size
high
integration,
an
ideal
platform
development
rapid
low-cost
diagnostic
techniques
devices.
Microfluidic-based
testing
methods
have
aroused
considerable
interest
due
to
increasing
need
noninvasive
frequent
or
long-term
testing.
This
review
briefly
described
analysis
generally
classified
targets
in
into
pathogenic
microorganisms,
inorganic
substances,
organic
substances.
By
using
this
classification
as
a
benchmark,
state-of-the-art
research
results
on
microfluidic
various
substances
were
summarized.
work
also
put
forward
challenges
future
directions
saliva.Keywords:
Analysismicrofluidicssaliva
Disclosure
statementThe
authors
declare
they
no
known
competing
financial
interests
personal
relationships
could
appeared
influence
reported
paper.Data
availability
statementNo
data
was
used
article.Author
contributionsX.L.,
XT.S.
HZ.Y.
conceptualized
idea
review.
X.L.
wrote
initial
drafts
manuscript.
XY.Z.,
XJ.L.,
YX.W.
TL.W.
contributed
collection
graph
making.
S.L.
writing
manuscript
improvement.
All
reviewing
gave
approval
final
version
manuscript.Additional
informationFundingThis
funded
project
from
China
Post-doctoral
Science
Foundation
(No.
2021MD703911),
Natural
Liaoning
Province
2020-MS-166),
Education
Department
QN2019035),
National
81500897).
Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 28 - 72
Published: May 3, 2024
After
a
general
introduction,
the
opening
section
of
this
chapter
presents
broad
introduction
to
electrolyte-gated
field-effect
transistors
(EGFETs).
This
encompasses
fundamental
concepts
surrounding
electrical
double
layers,
charge
transport
in
conductive
and
semiconductive
materials,
polarization,
interfacial
capacitance,
underlying
operating
principles.
The
following
examines
active
including
organic
inorganic
semiconductors,
nanostructured
conductors
such
as
nanowires,
carbon
nanotubes
graphene.
Furthermore,
explores
techniques
utilized
produce
EGFETs,
vacuum
thermal
deposition
inkjet
printing.
fourth
fabrication
methods,
while
fifth
reviews
common
biological
probes
DNA
aptamers,
antibodies,
nanobodies,
proteins,
enzymes
or
synthetic
ligands.
Additionally,
it
discusses
their
application
EGFETs
anticipated
transduction
mechanisms.
concluding
provides
various
exemplary
instances
extracted
from
relevant
literature.
does
not
include
discussion
electrochemical
(OECTs)
ion-sensitive
(ISFETs).
IEEE Sensors Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8(6), P. 1 - 4
Published: May 20, 2024
Early
detection
of
neurodegenerative
diseases
has
the
potential
to
slow
disease
progression
by
timely
interventions
and
effective
management.
Alzheimer's
Disease
(AD),
most
common
form
dementia
globally,
a
preclinical
phase
that
lasts
decades
prior
prodromal
stage.
Preclinical
stage
neurological
changes
are
accompanied
in
biomarker
concentrations
such
as
Amyloid
Beta
peptides
(Aß),
however,
at
present
there
no
cost-effective
non-invasive
quantification
methods
suitable
for
population
screening.
To
meet
this
need,
we
have
tailored
our
proven
Organic
Electrolyte
Gated
Field
Effect
Transistor
(OEGFET)
biosensor
Aß
serum
saliva
samples.
This
was
achieved
incorporating
covalently
bound
antibody
(AB)
within
soft-fluidic
microchannel
biosensor,
significant
advancement
demonstrates
robustness
sensor
system
towards
different
types
bioreceptors
target
biomarkers.
Furthermore,
AB-OEGFET
created
using
flexible
substrates
polymers
due
their
impressive
biocompatibility.
We
observed
characteristic
OEGFET
device
current
concentration
correlation
behavior
all
tested
media,
including
specimens.
The
response
buffer
recorded
from
10μg/ml
100fg/ml,
limit
(LOD)
range
100
ng/ml
spiking
tests
specificity
investigated
samples
spiked
with
non-binding
protein
analyte,
α-synuclein.
predictable
targeting
solutions
crowded
numerous
other
proteomic
background
ionic
higher
promote
some
non-specific
binding
bioreceptor
adding
competing
matrix
effect.
Irrespective
these
exceptions,
first
demonstration
integration
receptors
electronics,
explored
study,
holds
substantial
promise
disposable,
biosensors
AD.
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 27, 2024
Abstract
A
flexible
and
printed
field‐effect
biosensor
with
a
graphene
channel
(Gr‐FET
biosensor)
is
designed
characterized
to
detect
ferritin.
The
offers
an
onboard
Ag/AgCl
gate
give
stable
transfer
characteristics
significantly
low
leakage
current
of
0.06%
the
minimum
drain
current.
Further,
proposed
Gr‐FET
shows
1.5–3
times
higher
transconductance
(
g
m
)
value
m,hole
up
400
µS
m,electron
250
µS,
compared
reported
electrolyte‐gated
on
substrates.
operation
also
optimized
have
minimal
hysteresis
effect
for
reliable
sensing
operation.
fairly
linear
at
ferritin
concentration
(0.05–0.5
µg
L
−1
sensitivity
as
high
≈230
mV/(µg
very
limit
detection
(LOD)
≈27
ng
.
Given
cost‐effective
fabrication
process
scalability,
can
be
deployed
large
scale
early
diagnosis
iron
deficiency
anemia.