Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 774 - 774
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
Carbon dots (CDs), a versatile class of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, have attracted widespread attention due to their exceptional optical properties, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Their applications span biomedicine, optoelectronics, smart food packaging, yet large-scale synthesis remains significant challenge. This review categorizes methods into liquid-phase (hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia, aldol condensation polymerization), gas-phase (plasma synthesis), solid-phase (pyrolysis, oxidation/carbonization, ball milling), emerging techniques (microfluidic, ultrasonic, molten-salt). Notably, microwave-assisted solid-state show promise for industrial production scalability efficiency. Despite these advances, challenges persist in optimizing reproducibility, reducing energy consumption, developing purification quality control strategies. Addressing issues will be critical transitioning CDs from laboratory research real-world applications.
Language: Английский