Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
116(5), P. 2886 - 2936
Published: Jan. 26, 2016
All
cyanobacteria,
algae,
and
plants
use
a
similar
water-oxidizing
catalyst
for
water
oxidation.
This
is
housed
in
Photosystem
II,
membrane-protein
complex
that
functions
as
light-driven
oxidase
oxygenic
photosynthesis.
Water
oxidation
also
an
important
reaction
artificial
photosynthesis
because
it
has
the
potential
to
provide
cheap
electrons
from
hydrogen
production
or
reduction
of
carbon
dioxide
on
industrial
scale.
The
II
Mn–Ca
cluster
oxidizes
with
low
overpotential
high
turnover
frequency
number
up
25–90
molecules
O2
released
per
second.
In
this
Review,
we
discuss
atomic
structure
viewpoint
underlying
mechanism
can
be
informative
when
designing
catalysts.
followed
by
consideration
functional
Mn-based
model
complexes
issue
Mn
decomposing
oxide.
We
then
detailed
assessment
chemistry
oxides
considering
how
their
bulk
nanoscale
properties
contribute
effectiveness
Science,
Journal Year:
2008,
Volume and Issue:
321(5892), P. 1072 - 1075
Published: Aug. 1, 2008
The
utilization
of
solar
energy
on
a
large
scale
requires
its
storage.
In
natural
photosynthesis,
from
sunlight
is
used
to
rearrange
the
bonds
water
oxygen
and
hydrogen
equivalents.
realization
artificial
systems
that
perform
"water
splitting"
catalysts
produce
without
need
for
excessive
driving
potentials.
Here
we
report
such
catalyst
forms
upon
oxidative
polarization
an
inert
indium
tin
oxide
electrode
in
phosphate-buffered
containing
cobalt
(II)
ions.
A
variety
analytical
techniques
indicates
presence
phosphate
approximate
1:2
ratio
with
this
material.
pH
dependence
catalytic
activity
also
implicates
ion
as
proton
acceptor
oxygen-producing
reaction.
This
not
only
situ
earth-abundant
materials
but
operates
neutral
under
ambient
conditions.
Energy & Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
9(7), P. 2177 - 2196
Published: Jan. 1, 2016
This
review
describes
the
current
understanding
of
CO2
photoreduction
on
surface
heterogeneous
catalysts
with
a
particular
focus
reaction
mechanism
and
pathways
as
well
adsorption/activation
CO2.
ChemCatChem,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
2(7), P. 724 - 761
Published: June 28, 2010
Abstract
Striving
for
new
solar
fuels,
the
water
oxidation
reaction
currently
is
considered
to
be
a
bottleneck,
hampering
progress
in
development
of
applicable
technologies
conversion
light
into
storable
fuels.
This
review
compares
and
unifies
viewpoints
on
from
various
fields
catalysis
research.
The
first
part
deals
with
thermodynamic
efficiency
mechanisms
electrochemical
splitting
by
metal
oxides
electrode
surfaces,
explaining
recent
concept
potential‐determining
step.
Subsequently,
novel
cobalt
oxide‐based
catalysts
heterogeneous
(electro)catalysis
are
discussed.
These
may
share
structural
functional
properties
surface
oxides,
multinuclear
molecular
catalytic
manganese–calcium
complex
photosynthetic
oxidation.
Recent
developments
homogeneous
water‐oxidation
outlined
focus
discovery
mononuclear
ruthenium
(and
non‐ruthenium)
complexes
that
efficiently
mediate
O
2
evolution
water.
Water
photosynthesis
subject
concise
presentation
structure
function
natural
paragon—the
photosystem
II—for
which
ideas
concerning
redox‐potential
leveling,
proton
removal,
OO
bond
formation
last
highlights
common
themes
unifying
concepts.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
132(46), P. 16501 - 16509
Published: Oct. 26, 2010
The
mechanism
of
the
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER)
by
catalysts
prepared
electrodepositions
from
Co(2+)
solutions
in
phosphate
electrolytes
(Co-Pi)
was
studied
at
neutral
pH
electrokinetic
and
(18)O
isotope
experiments.
Low-potential
enabled
controlled
preparation
ultrathin
Co-Pi
catalyst
films
(<100
nm)
that
could
be
kinetically
absence
mass
transport
charge
limitations
to
OER.
exhibit
a
Tafel
slope
approximately
equal
2.3
×
RT/F
for
production
water
solutions.
electrochemical
rate
law
exhibits
an
inverse
first
order
dependence
on
proton
activity
zeroth
[Pi]
≥
0.03
M.
In
buffer,
is
increased
∼3-fold
overall
greatly
diminished.
Together,
these
studies
suggest
involving
rapid,
one
electron,
equilibrium
between
Co(III)-OH
Co(IV)-O
which
species
acceptor,
followed
chemical
turnover-limiting
process
oxygen-oxygen
bond
coupling.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
118(9), P. 4631 - 4701
Published: Jan. 10, 2018
The
utilization
of
CO2
via
electrochemical
reduction
constitutes
a
promising
approach
toward
production
value-added
chemicals
or
fuels
using
intermittent
renewable
energy
sources.
For
this
purpose,
molecular
electrocatalysts
are
frequently
studied
and
the
recent
progress
both
in
tuning
catalytic
properties
mechanistic
understanding
is
truly
remarkable.
While
earlier
years
research
efforts
were
focused
on
complexes
with
rare
metal
centers
such
as
Re,
Ru,
Pd,
focus
has
recently
shifted
earth-abundant
transition
metals
Mn,
Fe,
Co,
Ni.
By
application
appropriate
ligands,
these
have
been
rendered
more
than
competitive
for
compared
to
heavier
homologues.
In
addition,
important
roles
second
outer
coordination
spheres
processes
become
apparent,
metal–ligand
cooperativity
well-established
tool
further
behavior.
Surprising
advances
also
made
very
simple
organocatalysts,
although
mechanisms
behind
their
reactivity
not
yet
entirely
understood.
Herein,
developments
last
three
decades
electrocatalytic
homogeneous
catalysts
reviewed.
A
discussion
underlying
principles
included
along
treatment
experimental
computational
techniques
studies
catalyst
benchmarking.
Important
families
discussed
detail
regard
aspects,
field
highlighted.