Pushing the limits of energetic materials – the synthesis and characterization of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate

Journal of Materials Chemistry, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 22(38), P. 20418 - 20418

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

The safe preparation and characterization (XRD, NMR vibrational spectroscopy, DSC, mass spectrometry, sensitivities) of a new explosive dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) that outperforms all other commonly used materials is detailed. While much publicized high-performing explosives, such as octanitrocubane CL-20, have been at the forefront public awareness, this compound differs in it simple cheap to prepare from available chemicals. TKX-50 expands upon newly exploited field tetrazole oxide chemistry produce material not only easily prepared exceedingly powerful, but also possesses required thermal insensitivity, low toxicity, safety handling replace most military explosive, RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane). In addition, crystal structures intermediates 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diol dihydrate, dimethanolate dimethylammonium were determined presented.

Language: Английский

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Energetic Ionic Liquids as Explosives and Propellant Fuels: A New Journey of Ionic Liquid Chemistry

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 114(20), P. 10527 - 10574

Published: Sept. 10, 2014

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEnergetic Ionic Liquids as Explosives and Propellant Fuels: A New Journey of Liquid ChemistryQinghua Zhang*† Jean'ne M. Shreeve*‡View Author Information† Institute Chemical Materials, China Academy Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China‡ Department Chemistry, University Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 20, 10527–10574Publication Date (Web):September 10, 2014Publication History Received10 July 2014Published online10 September inissue 22 October 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500364thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500364treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9870Altmetric-Citations499LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence for given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Fuels,Materials,Salts Get e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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Energetic Salts with π-Stacking and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions Lead the Way to Future Energetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 137(4), P. 1697 - 1704

Published: Jan. 7, 2015

Among energetic materials, there are two significant challenges facing researchers: 1) to develop ionic CHNO explosives with higher densities than their parent nonionic molecules and (2) achieve a fine balance between high detonation performance low sensitivity. We report surprising salt, hydroxylammonium 3-dinitromethanide-1,2,4-triazolone, that exhibits exceptional properties, viz., density, superior performance, improved thermal, impact, friction stabilities, then those of its precursor, 3-dinitromethyl-1,2,4-triazolone. The solid-state structure features the new salt were investigated X-ray diffraction which showed π-stacking hydrogen-bonding interactions contribute closer packing density. According experimental results theoretical analysis, newly designed also gives rise workable compromise in properties desirable stabilities. These findings will enhance future prospects for rational materials design commence chapter this field.

Language: Английский

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A Study of Dinitro-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1′-diol and Derivatives: Design of High-Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials by the Introduction of N-Oxides

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 135(26), P. 9931 - 9938

Published: June 13, 2013

In this contribution we report on the synthesis and full structural as well spectroscopic characterization of 3,3′-dinitro-5,5′-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1′-diol nitrogen-rich salts thereof. The first an energetic 1-hydroxy-bistriazole in excellent yields high purity is presented. This simple straightforward method N-oxide introduction triazole compounds using commercially available oxone improves properties reveals a synthetic pathway toward novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed deliver insight into characteristics strong intermolecular interactions. standard enthalpies formation calculated for all at CBS-4 M level theory, revealing highly positive heats compounds. (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) EXPLO5.05 program, ionic derivatives show superior performance comparison to corresponding bearing no N-oxide. All substances characterized terms sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic) thermal stabilities, found be thermally stable, insensitive that are exceedingly powerful but safe handle prepare.

Language: Английский

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Catalytic effects of nano additives on decomposition and combustion of RDX-, HMX-, and AP-based energetic compositions

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 75 - 136

Published: Oct. 14, 2016

Language: Английский

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Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 4799 - 4851

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

This review paper covers functionalized fullerene, CNTs and GO as components of nanothermites, high explosives, solid propellants gas generators.

Language: Английский

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Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 4193 - 4216

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Fused heterocycles are unique building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range high-performance energetic materials.

Language: Английский

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3,3′-Dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan and Its Derivatives: An Assembly of Diverse N–O Building Blocks for High-Performance Energetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 136(11), P. 4437 - 4445

Published: Feb. 26, 2014

On the basis of a design strategy that results in assembly diverse N-O building blocks leading to energetic materials, 3,3'-dinitroamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan and its nitrogen-rich salts were obtained fully characterized via spectral elemental analyses. Oxone (potassium peroxomonosulfate) is an efficient oxidizing agent for introducing azoxy N-oxide functionality into furazan backbone, giving straightforward low-cost synthetic route. heats formation calculated with Gaussian 03 combined experimentally determined densities, properties (detonation velocity, pressure specific impulse) using EXPLO v6.01 program. These new molecules exhibit high density, moderate good thermal stability, acceptable impact friction sensitivities, excellent detonation properties, which suggest potential applications as materials. Interestingly, (4) has highest crystal density 2.02 g cm(-3) at 173 K (gas pycnometer measured 1.96 298 K) compounds yet reported. Another promising compound hydroxylammonium salt (6), four different kinds moieties performance superior those 1,3,5,7-tetranitrotetraazacyclooctane (HMX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclododecane (CL-20). Furthermore, computational results, viz., NBO charges ESP, also support qualities newly prepared strategy.

Language: Английский

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Potassium 1,1′‐Dinitramino‐5,5′‐bistetrazolate: A Primary Explosive with Fast Detonation and High Initiation Power

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 53(31), P. 8172 - 8175

Published: July 1, 2014

Abstract Adequate primary explosives such as lead azide mostly contain toxic ingredients, which have to be replaced. A new candidate that shows high potential, potassium 1,1′‐dinitramino‐5,5′‐bistetrazolate (K 2 DNABT), was synthesized by a sophisticated synthetic procedure based on dimethylcarbonate and glyoxal. It intensively characterized for its chemical (X‐ray diffraction, EA, NMR vibrational spectroscopy) physico‐chemical properties (sensitivity towards impact, friction, electrostatic, DSC). The obtained explosive combines good thermal stability with the desired mechanical stability. Owing heat of formation (326 kJ mol −1 ) density (2.11 g cm −3 ), impressive values detonation velocity (8330 m s pressure (311 kbar) were computed. Its superior calculated performance output successfully confirmed demonstrated different convenient energetic test methods.

Language: Английский

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High-energy metal–organic frameworks (HE-MOFs): Synthesis, structure and energetic performance

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 307, P. 292 - 312

Published: Sept. 3, 2015

Language: Английский

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