Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 115(10), P. 4335 - 4382

Published: Feb. 26, 2015

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChemistry of Atmospheric Brown CarbonAlexander Laskin*†, Julia Laskin*‡, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov*§View Author Information‡ †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory ‡Physical Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States§ Department Chemistry, University California, Irvine, California 92697, States*A.L.: e-mail, [email protected]; phone, +1 509 376-6129; fax, 376-6139.*J.L.: 376-6136; 376-6139.*S.A.N.: 949 824-1262; 824-2420.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 10, 4335–4382Publication Date (Web):February 26, 2015Publication History Received24 October 2014Published online26 February 2015Published inissue 27 May 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167Copyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views25896Altmetric-Citations902LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence for given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit (19 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Absorption,Aerosols,Light absorption,Optical properties,Quantum mechanics e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals (^•OH)

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 115(24), P. 13051 - 13092

Published: Dec. 2, 2015

The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is one of the most powerful oxidizing agents, able to react unselectively and instantaneously with surrounding chemicals, including organic pollutants inhibitors. •OH radicals are omnipresent in environment (natural waters, atmosphere, interstellar space, etc.), biological systems where has an important role immunity metabolism. We provide extensive view on different environmental compartments laboratory systems, aim drawing more attention this emerging issue. Further research processes related chemistry highly demanded. A comprehensive understanding sources sinks their implications natural waters atmosphere crucial importance, way irradiated chromophoric dissolved matter surface yields through H2O2-independent pathway, assessment relative importance gas-phase vs aqueous-phase reactions many atmospheric components. Moreover, considering fact that people spend so much time dwellings than outside, impact reactivity indoor health well-being another topic great concern.

Language: Английский

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Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(12)

Published: Dec. 2, 2016

Fine-particle pollution associated with winter haze threatens the health of more than 400 million people in North China Plain. Sulfate is a major component fine particles. Record sulfate concentrations up to ~300 μg m-3 were observed during January 2013 event Beijing. State-of-the-art air quality models that rely on production mechanisms requiring photochemical oxidants cannot predict these high levels because weak photochemistry activity events. We find missing source and particulate matter can be explained by reactive nitrogen chemistry aerosol water. The water serves as reactor, where alkaline components trap SO2, which oxidized NO2 form sulfate, whereby reaction rates are sustained neutralizing capacity atmosphere northern China. This mechanism self-amplifying higher mass concentration corresponds content, leading faster severe pollution.

Language: Английский

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Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 3472 - 3509

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are formed in the atmosphere via autoxidation involving peroxy radicals arising from volatile compounds (VOC). HOM condense on pre-existing particles and can be involved new particle formation. thus contribute to formation of secondary aerosol (SOA), a significant ubiquitous component atmospheric known affect Earth's radiation balance. were discovered only very recently, but interest these has grown rapidly. In this Review, we define describe currently available techniques for their identification/quantification, followed by summary current knowledge mechanisms physicochemical properties. A main aim is provide common frame quite fragmented literature studies. Finally, highlight existing gaps our understanding suggest directions future research.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 509 - 559

Published: May 18, 2017

Abstract Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions in organic due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of radiative forcing (2) can confound the historical response climate increases greenhouse gases. Secondary (SOA), formed atmosphere by oxidation gases, represents a major fraction global submicron‐sized aerosol. Over past decade, significant advances understanding SOA properties formation mechanisms occurred through measurements, yet current models typically do not comprehensively include all processes. This review summarizes some developments during decade formation. We highlight importance processes that growth particles sizes relevant for clouds forcing, including extremely low volatility organics gas phase, acid‐catalyzed multiphase chemistry isoprene epoxydiols, particle‐phase oligomerization, physical such as viscosity. Several highlighted this are complex interdependent nonlinear effects on properties, formation, evolution SOA. Current neglect complexity nonlinearity thus less likely accurately predict project future sensitivity Efforts also needed rank most influential process‐related interactions, so be represented chemistry‐climate models.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 115(10), P. 4218 - 4258

Published: March 16, 2015

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHeterogeneous Photochemistry in the AtmosphereChristian George*†‡, Markus Ammann§, Barbara D'Anna†‡, D. J. Donaldson∥, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov⊥View Author Information† Université de Lyon 1, F-69626, France‡ CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement Lyon, Villeurbanne France§ Laboratory of Radiochemistry Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland∥ Department Chemistry Physical & Sciences, University Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada ⊥ California, Irvine, California 92697, United States*Phone: +33-4-72431489. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 10, 4218–4258Publication Date (Web):March 16, 2015Publication History Received14 November 2014Published online16 March 2015Published inissue 27 May 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500648zCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views16603Altmetric-Citations424LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence for given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit (14 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aerosols,Anions,Interfaces,Photochemistry,Photodissociation e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 4809 - 4888

Published: April 24, 2020

Abstract. Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, acidity condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs phase partitioning semivolatile gases such HNO3, NH3, HCl, organic acids bases well chemical reaction rates. It has implications for atmospheric lifetime pollutants, deposition, human health. Despite its fundamental role in processes, only recently this field seen growth number studies on particle acidity. Even with growth, many fine-particle pH estimates must be based thermodynamic model calculations since no operational techniques exist direct measurements. Current information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but observationally constrained limited spatial temporal coverage. Clouds fogs also generally acidic, to lesser degree than have range that quite sensitive anthropogenic emissions sulfur nitrogen oxides, ambient ammonia. Historical measurements indicate droplet changed recent decades response controls emissions, while trend data aerosol may relatively constant due nature key buffering particles. This paper reviews synthesizes current state knowledge phases, specifically droplets. includes recommendations estimating standard nomenclature, synthesis observations, new local global scale.

Language: Английский

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Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 2103 - 2162

Published: Feb. 13, 2017

Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural from biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body research emerged laboratory, field, modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate visibility through regional global budgets reactive nitrogen (particularly nitrates), ozone, aerosol. Despite its long history significance this topic in atmospheric chemistry, number uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding rates, mechanisms, aerosol yields reactions, lack constraints on role heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with NO3 radical, difficulty characterizing spatial distributions BVOC within poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, challenge constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes non-photochemical mechanisms use state-of-the-art chemical transport chemistry-climate models. review is result workshop same title held at Georgia Institute Technology June 2015. The first half summarizes current literature particular focus recent advances instrumentation models, secondary (SOA) formation chemistry. Building understanding, second outlines impacts chemistry quality climate, suggests critical needs better constrain improve predictive capabilities

Language: Английский

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The Role of Organic Aerosol in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 168 - 202

Published: Jan. 19, 2018

Predicting the formation of ice in atmosphere presents one great challenges physical sciences with important implications for chemistry and composition Earth's atmosphere, hydrological cycle, climate. Among atmospheric processes, heterogeneous nucleation proceeds on aerosol particles ranging from a few nanometers to micrometers size, commonly referred as nucleating (INPs). Research over last two decades has demonstrated that organic matter (OM) is ubiquitous present (OA) or coatings other particle types. The physicochemical properties OM make predicting how can contribute INP population challenging. This review focuses role INPs, summarizing highlighting recent advances our understanding process gained theoretical, laboratory, field studies. Examination residuals INPs analytical techniques demonstrates participates crystal formation. Molecular dynamic simulations provide insight into microscopic processes initiate nucleation. amorphous phase state supercooled metastable regime identified key factor assessing particles' pathways rates. A theoretical model advanced, based water activity, holistically predict changes rates coated by OM. goal this synthesize current propose future research directions needed fully evaluate OA atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Use of Probes and Quenchers for Understanding the Reactive Species in Advanced Oxidation Processes

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(13), P. 5433 - 5444

Published: March 17, 2023

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Understanding the role of reactive species using probes quenchers is one main requirements for good process design. However, much fundamental kinetic data reactions with lacking, probably leading to inappropriate probe quencher selection dosing. In this work, second-order rate constants over 150 such as •OH, SO4•-, Cl• chemical oxidants free chlorine persulfate were determined. Some previously ill-quantified (e.g., furfuryl alcohol methyl phenyl sulfoxide certain oxidants, nitrobenzene 1,4-dioxane halogen radicals) found be kinetically favorable. The specific can guided by improved database. criteria properly choosing dosages proposed along a procedure quantifying interference from addition. limitations approaches explicated, possible solutions combination other tools) proposed. Overall, database protocols provided work benefit future research understanding radical chemistry AOPs well radical-involved processes.

Language: Английский

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