PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. e0228214 - e0228214
Published: Jan. 30, 2020
Human-use
pharmaceuticals
in
urban
streams
link
aquatic-ecosystem
health
to
human
health.
Pharmaceutical
mixtures
have
been
widely
reported
larger
due
historical
emphasis
on
wastewater-treatment
plant
(WWTP)
sources,
with
limited
investigation
of
pharmaceutical
exposures
and
potential
effects
smaller
headwater
streams.
In
2014–2017,
the
United
States
Geological
Survey
measured
111
compounds
308
(261
urban-gradient
sites
sampled
3–5
times,
47
putative
low-impact
once)
4
regions
across
US.
Simultaneous
multiple
(pharmaceutical
mixtures)
were
observed
91%
(248
urban-gradient,
32
low-impact),
88
analytes
detected
all
cumulative
maximum
concentrations
up
36,142
ng/L
per
site.
Cumulative
detections
correlated
land
use
presence/absence
permitted
WWTP
discharges,
but
also
common
75%
without
WWTP.
exposure-activity
ratios
(EAR)
indicated
widespread
transient
high
probability
molecular
vertebrates.
Considering
individual
interactive
recognized
analytical
underestimation
pharmaceutical-contaminant
(unassessed
parent
compounds,
metabolites,
degradates)
space,
these
results
demonstrate
a
nation-wide
environmental
concern
need
for
watershed-scale
mitigation
in-stream
contamination.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
208, P. 112584 - 112584
Published: Dec. 21, 2021
Endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
are
ubiquitous
in
aquatic
and
terrestrial
environments.
The
main
objective
of
this
review
was
to
summarize
the
current
knowledge
impacts
EDCs
on
reproductive
success
wildlife
humans.
examples
selected
often
include
a
retrospective
assessment
over
time
discern
how
effects
have
changed
last
several
decades.
Collectively,
evidence
summarized
here
within
reinforce
concept
that
reproduction
humans
is
negatively
impacted
by
anthropogenic
chemicals,
with
altering
endocrine
system
function.
These
observations
interfering
different
aspects
axis
particularly
pronounced
for
species
corroborated
laboratory-based
experiments
(i.e.
fish,
amphibians,
birds).
Noteworthy,
many
these
same
indicators
also
observed
epidemiological
studies
mammalian
Given
vast
array
strategies
used
animals,
it
perhaps
not
surprising
no
single
disrupted
target
predictive
effects.
Nevertheless,
there
some
general
features
control
reproduction,
particular,
critical
role
steroid
hormones
play
processes
confer
high
degree
susceptibility
environmental
chemicals.
New
research
needed
implications
chemical
exposures
during
development
potential
long-term
Future
emphasis
field-based
can
form
basis
more
deliberate,
extensive,
population
level
monitor
contaminant
effects,
including
adverse
system,
key
addressing
gaps.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
45(13), P. 1409 - 1468
Published: Sept. 10, 2014
Water
quality
criteria
are
an
indispensable
part
of
water
reuse
projects
aiming
to
ensure
the
protection
public
health
and
environment.
In
addition,
can
affect
development,
acceptance,
economic
viability
projects.
Currently
no
uniform
exist,
but
they
diverge,
often
greatly,
between
countries
states.
The
authors
briefly
present
evolution
worldwide
discuss
emerging
issues
related
ecological
risks
that
have
not
addressed
adequately
in
existing
criteria.
They
specifically
focus
on
European
Union
(EU)
their
status
based
published
data
(or
nonexisting)
frameworks.
Data
gathered
from
agencies
reveal
a
high
potential
for
EU
could
potentially
contribute
ensuring
fresh
is
available
all
sectors
protect
environment,
it
has
expanded
at
expected
rates.
lack
was
thought
as
most
important
cause
this
delay.
lasting
recent
years,
however,
several
countries,
particularly
those
located
Mediterranean
basin,
established
Similarities
differences
well
benefits
drawbacks
these
discussed
interpreted
with
other
world.
An
conclusion
enacted
Greece,
Italy,
Spain
will
probably
prevent
development
increase
costs.
Moreover,
major
challenges,
future
views,
necessity
establishing
common
regulations
level
considered.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
47(5), P. 2177 - 2188
Published: Feb. 11, 2013
Natural
and
synthetic
organic
contaminants
in
municipal
wastewater
treatment
plant
(WWTP)
effluents
can
cause
ecosystem
impacts,
raising
concerns
about
their
persistence
receiving
streams.
In
this
study,
Lagrangian
sampling,
which
the
same
approximate
parcel
of
water
is
tracked
as
it
moves
downstream,
was
conducted
at
Boulder
Creek,
Colorado
Fourmile
Iowa
to
determine
in-stream
transport
attenuation
discharged
from
two
secondary
WWTPs.
Similar
stream
reaches
were
evaluated,
samples
collected
multiple
sites
during
summer
spring
hydrologic
conditions.
Travel
times
most
downstream
(7.4
km)
site
Creek
6.2
h
9.3
spring,
8.4
km
18
8.8
h,
respectively.
Discharge
measured
each
site,
integrated
composite
analyzed
for
>200
including
metal
complexing
agents,
nonionic
surfactant
degradates,
personal
care
products,
pharmaceuticals,
steroidal
hormones,
pesticides.
The
highest
concentration
(>100
μg
L(-1))
compounds
detected
both
WWTP
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid
4-nonylphenolethoxycarboxylate
oligomers,
persisted
least
7
Concentrations
pharmaceuticals
lower
(<1
L(-1)),
several
compounds,
carbamazepine
sulfamethoxazole,
throughout
study
reaches.
After
accounting
dilution,
a
complex
mixture
showed
little
persistent
streams
concentrations
with
potential
implications.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
112(38), P. 11881 - 11886
Published: Sept. 8, 2015
Significance
We
focus
on
a
critical
issue,
the
influence
of
human-derived
contaminants
wildlife
populations.
Endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
that
act
through
hormonal
pathways
are
capable
having
large
influences
even
when
concentrations
relatively
low.
While
there
is
evidence
such
endocrine
disruption
can
result
from
application
agricultural
pesticides
and
exposure
to
wastewater
effluent,
we
have
identified
diversity
within
suburban
neighborhoods.
Sampling
populations
local
frog
species,
found
strong
association
between
degree
landscape
development
offspring
sex
ratio.
Our
study
points
rarely
studied
contamination
sources,
like
vegetation
landscaping
impervious
surface
runoff,
may
be
associated
with
environments
around
homes.