Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
55(32), P. 323003 - 323003
Published: May 13, 2022
Abstract
Renewable
fuel
generation
is
essential
for
a
low
carbon
footprint
economy.
Thus,
over
the
last
five
decades,
significant
effort
has
been
dedicated
towards
increasing
performance
of
solar
fuels
generating
devices.
Specifically,
to
hydrogen
efficiency
photoelectrochemical
cells
progressed
steadily
its
fundamental
limit,
and
faradaic
valuable
products
in
CO
2
reduction
systems
increased
dramatically.
However,
there
are
still
numerous
scientific
engineering
challenges
that
must
be
overcame
order
turn
into
viable
technology.
At
electrode
device
level,
conversion
efficiency,
stability
selectivity
significantly.
Meanwhile,
these
metrics
maintained
when
scaling
up
devices
while
maintaining
an
acceptable
cost
footprint.
This
roadmap
surveys
different
aspects
this
endeavor:
system
benchmarking,
scaling,
various
approaches
photoelectrodes
design,
materials
discovery,
catalysis.
Each
sections
focuses
on
single
topic,
discussing
state
art,
key
advancements
required
meet
them.
The
can
used
as
guide
researchers
funding
agencies
highlighting
most
pressing
needs
field.
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
372(6546), P. 1074 - 1078
Published: June 3, 2021
Carbon
dioxide
electroreduction
(CO2R)
is
being
actively
studied
as
a
promising
route
to
convert
carbon
emissions
valuable
chemicals
and
fuels.
However,
the
fraction
of
input
CO2
that
productively
reduced
has
typically
been
very
low,
<2%
for
multicarbon
products;
balance
reacts
with
hydroxide
form
carbonate
in
both
alkaline
neutral
reactors.
Acidic
electrolytes
would
overcome
this
limitation,
but
hydrogen
evolution
hitherto
dominated
under
those
conditions.
We
report
concentrating
potassium
cations
vicinity
electrochemically
active
sites
accelerates
activation
enable
efficient
CO2R
acid.
achieve
on
copper
at
pH
<1
single-pass
utilization
77%,
including
conversion
efficiency
50%
toward
products
(ethylene,
ethanol,
1-propanol)
current
density
1.2
amperes
per
square
centimeter
full-cell
voltage
4.2
volts.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Aug. 16, 2021
Abstract
The
electrochemical
reduction
of
CO
2
to
is
a
promising
technology
for
replacing
production
processes
employing
fossil
fuels.
Still,
low
energy
efficiencies
hinder
the
at
commercial
scale.
electrolysis
has
mainly
been
performed
in
neutral
or
alkaline
media,
but
recent
fundamental
work
shows
that
high
selectivities
can
also
be
achieved
acidic
media.
Therefore,
we
investigate
feasibility
pH
2–4
indrustrially
relevant
conditions,
using
10
cm
gold
gas
diffusion
electrodes.
Operating
current
densities
up
200
mA
−2
,
obtain
faradaic
between
80–90%
sulfate
electrolyte,
with
30%
improvement
overall
process
efficiency,
comparison
Additionally,
find
weakly
hydrated
cations
are
crucial
accomplishing
reaction
rates
and
enabling
This
study
represents
step
towards
application
electrolyzers
electroreduction.
Accounts of Chemical Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
55(14), P. 1900 - 1911
Published: June 30, 2022
ConspectusThe
electrochemical
reduction
of
CO2
(CO2RR)
constitutes
an
alternative
to
fossil
fuel-based
technologies
for
the
production
fuels
and
commodity
chemicals.
Yet
application
CO2RR
electrolyzers
is
hampered
by
low
energy
Faradaic
efficiencies.
Concomitant
reactions,
like
hydrogen
evolution
(HER),
lower
selectivity,
while
conversion
into
(bi)carbonate
through
solution
acid-base
reactions
induces
additional
concentration
overpotential.
During
in
aqueous
media,
local
pH
becomes
more
alkaline
than
bulk
causing
consumption
homogeneous
reactions.
The
latter
effect,
combination
with
solubility
electrolytes
(33
mM),
leads
a
significant
depletion
at
electrode
surface.The
nature
electrolyte,
terms
cation
identity,
has
recently
emerged
as
important
factor
tune
both
efficiency.
In
this
Account,
we
summarize
recent
advances
understanding
electrolyte
effects
on
CO
solutions,
which
first,
crucial,
step
further
reduced
products.
To
compare
literature
findings
meaningful
way,
focus
results
reported
under
well-defined
mass
transport
conditions
using
online
analytical
techniques.
discussion
covers
molecular-level
proton
donor,
suppression
gradient
vs
enhancement
HER
given
rate
cation,
crucial
enabling
HER.
These
mechanistic
insights
are
then
translated
possible
implications
industrially
relevant
cell
geometries
current
densities.
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 2357 - 2364
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
The
extensive
deployment
of
the
electrocatalytic
CO2
reduction
reaction
(CO2RR)
is
presently
limited
by
utilization
alkaline/neutral
electrolytes
in
which
carbonate
formation
severely
reduces
carbon
efficiency
and
electrolysis
stability.
By
contrast,
CO2RR
a
strong
acid
electrolyte
can
overcome
these
shortcomings,
yet
hydrogen
evolution
(HER)
greatly
outcompetes
acidic
media.
Herein,
to
HCOOH,
significant
chemical
intermediate
many
industrial
processes,
was
realized
(pH
≤
1)
through
introducing
K+
cations
into
electrolyte.
K+-assisted
accordingly
manufactured
HCOOH
with
high
Faradaic
92.2%
@–1.23
VRHE
commercially
relevant
current
density
−237.1
mA
cm–2.
More
importantly,
single-pass
27.4%
for
production
demonstrated
acid,
exceeded
value
obtained
alkaline
CO2RR.
Further
mechanistic
studies
that
engineer
local
microenvironment
over
Bi
catalyst
surface
reducing
proton
coverage
suppress
competing
HER
creating
interaction
stabilize
*OCOH
intermediate,
ultimately
promotes
high-efficiency
conversion
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(7)
Published: Dec. 9, 2022
Abstract
Developing
efficient
and
inexpensive
electrocatalysts
for
the
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER)
is
critical
to
commercial
viability
of
electrochemical
clean
energy
technologies.
Transition
metal
phosphides
(TMPs),
with
merits
abundant
reserves,
unique
structure,
tunable
composition,
high
electronic
conductivity,
are
recognized
as
attractive
HER
catalytic
materials.
Nevertheless,
electrocatalytic
activity
TMPs
still
limited
by
various
thorough
issues
inherent
performance
bottlenecks.
In
this
review,
these
carefully
sorted,
corresponding
reasonable
explanations
solutions
elucidated
on
basis
origins
TMPs.
Subsequently,
highly
targeted
multiscale
strategies
improve
comprehensively
presented.
Additionally,
scientific
constructing
high‐efficiency
TMP‐based
proposed.
Finally,
process,
mechanism
research,
catalyst
construction,
their
application
expansion
mentioned
challenges
future
directions
research
field.
Expectedly,
review
offers
professional
guidelines
rational
design
practical
catalysts.
