The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 265 - 305
Published: April 5, 2023
We
argue
that
both
oxygen-containing
and
nitrogen-containing
heterocyclic
ring
metabolites
are
central
in
metabolic
pathways.
This
chapter
examines
common
C–O
heterocycles
including
hemiacetals,
lactones,
pyrones,
flavanones,
ethers.
It
also
takes
up
key
nitrogen
pyrroles,
imidazoles,
lactams,
indole
the
side
chain
of
tryptophan.
Biosynthetic
logic
reactivity
patterns
terms
nucleophilic
electrophilic
groups
identified.
Natural Product Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
40(1), P. 89 - 127
Published: Sept. 20, 2022
Covering:
2010
to
2022Heterologous
expression
of
natural
product
biosynthetic
gene
clusters
(BGCs)
has
become
a
widely
used
tool
for
genome
mining
cryptic
pathways,
bottom-up
investigation
enzymes,
and
engineered
biosynthesis
new
variants.
In
the
field
fungal
products,
heterologous
complete
pathway
was
first
demonstrated
in
tenellin
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
62(18)
Published: March 3, 2023
Fungal
epidithiodiketopiperazines
(ETPs)
possess
large
structural
diversity
and
complexity
due
to
modifications
of
the
cyclodipeptide
skeleton.
Elucidation
biosynthetic
pathway
pretrichodermamide
A
(1)
in
Trichoderma
hypoxylon
revealed
a
flexible
catalytic
machinery
multiple
enzymes
for
generating
ETP
diversity.
Seven
tailoring
encoded
by
tda
cluster
are
involved
1
biosynthesis,
that
is,
four
P450s
TdaB
TdaQ
1,2-oxazine
formation,
TdaI
C7'-hydroxylation,
TdaG
C4,
C5-epoxidation,
two
methyltransferases
TdaH
C6'-
TdaO
C7'-O-methylation,
reductase
TdaD
furan
opening.
Gene
deletions
led
identification
25
novel
ETPs,
including
20
shunt
products,
indicating
promiscuity
Tda
enzymes.
Particularly,
accept
various
substrates
catalyze
regiospecific
reactions
at
different
stages
biosynthesis.
Our
study
not
only
uncovers
hidden
library
alkaloids,
but
also
helps
understand
chemical
natural
products
manipulation.
ChemistryOpen,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(7)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
High
complex
stability
and
longitudinal
relaxivity
of
Gd‐based
contrast
agents
are
important
requirements
for
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
because
they
ensure
patient
safety
contribute
to
measurement
sensitivity.
Charged
zwitterionic
Gd
3+
‐complexes
the
well‐known
chelator
1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic
acid
(DOTA)
provide
an
excellent
basis
development
safe
sensitive
agents.
In
this
report,
we
describe
synthesis
DOTA‐NOx,
a
DOTA
derivative
with
four
N
‐oxide
functionalities
via
“click”
functionalization
tetraazide
DOTAZA.
The
resulting
complexes
Gd‐DOTA‐NOx
Eu‐DOTA‐NOx
stable
compounds
in
aqueous
solution.
NMR‐spectroscopic
characterization
revealed
high
excess
twisted
square
antiprismatic
(TSAP)
coordination
geometry
over
(SAP).
was
found
be
r
1
=7.7
m
−1
s
(1.41
T,
37
°C),
unusually
value
comparable
weight.
We
attribute
steric
influence
ordering
effect
on
outer
sphere
water
molecules
surrounding
generated
by
strongly
hydrated
groups.
Moreover,
against
transchelation
EDTA
(200
eq)
period
36
h,
it
has
similar
vitro
cell
toxicity
as
clinically
used
DOTA‐based
GBCAs.
Advanced Materials Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(35)
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
Abstract
Low‐fouling
materials
are
often
generated
by
surface
zwitterionization
with
polymers.
In
this
context,
poly‐
N
‐oxides
have
recently
attracted
considerable
attention
as
biomimetic
stealth
coatings
low
protein
adsorption.
Herein,
study
reports
that
can
be
grafted
from
plasma‐activated
plastic
base
materials.
The
resulting
hydrophilic
surfaces
low‐fouling
properties
in
bacterial
suspensions
and
suppress
the
formation
of
biofilms.
Moreover,
efficient
antibacterial
activity
against
Gram‐negative
Gram‐positive
bacteria
caused
release
reactive
oxygen
species
is
observed.
latter
effect
specific
for
polymeric
most
likely
triggered
a
reductive
activation
‐oxide
functionality
presence
bacteria.
contrast
to
other
zwitterionic
polymers,
combine
thus
(stealth)
activity.
bioactive
groups
regenerated
after
use
common
oxidative
disinfectants.
Poly‐
attractive
many
unique
combined
mechanism
action.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 21, 2025
Synthetic
biology
has
played
an
important
role
in
the
renaissance
of
natural
products
research
during
post-genomics
era.
The
development
and
integration
new
tools
have
transformed
workflow
product
discovery
engineering,
generating
multidisciplinary
interest
field.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
developments
biosynthesis
from
three
different
aspects.
First,
advances
bioinformatics,
experimental,
analytical
to
identify
associated
with
predicted
biosynthetic
gene
clusters
(BGCs)
will
be
covered.
This
followed
by
extensive
review
on
heterologous
expression
bacterial,
fungal
plant
organisms.
native
host-independent
paradigm
identification,
pathway
characterization,
enzyme
is
where
synthetic
most
prominent
role.
Lastly,
strategies
engineer
pathways
for
structural
diversification
complexity
generation
discussed,
including
assembly-line
megasynthase
precursor-directed
modification,
combinatorial
biosynthesis.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: April 24, 2025
Dihydroartemisinic
acid
(DHAA)
converts
into
antimalarial
drug
artemisinin
(ART)
by
auto-oxidation.
High
production
of
artemisinic
(AA)
has
been
achieved
fermentation
engineered
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae,
and
AA
can
be
converted
ART
through
DHAA
chemical
synthesis.
However,
there
is
no
enzyme
reported
to
catalyze
the
conversion
DHAA.
Here,
we
report
a
dihydroartemisinic
dehydrogenase
(AaDHAADH)
from
Artemisia
annua
L,
which
catalyzes
bidirectional
between
An
optimized
mutant
AaDHAADH
(P26L)
obtained
site-directed
mutagenesis
its
activity
toward
2.82
times
that
original
gene.
De
novo
synthesis
in
S.
cerevisiae
using
targeted
gene
(P26L).
Furthermore,
3.97
g/L
5
L
bioreactor.
The
discovery
provides
more
convenient
efficient
alternative
route
for
biosynthesis.
Chemical Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(74), P. 11133 - 11136
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
first
asymmetric
(3+3)-cycloaddition
of
ortho-substituted
phenyl
nitrones
with
aryl
cyclopropane
carbaldehydes
has
been
demonstrated
by
secondary
amine
catalysts.
While
the
other
ortho-substituents
gave
1,2-oxazinanes,
ortho-hydroxy
ones
provided
a
novel
class
tetrahydrochromeno-1,2-oxazine
cores
via
rare
1,3-aryl
migration,
followed
cyclization.
An
unusual
type
approach
was
also
recognized.
Natural Product Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
40(12), P. 1874 - 1900
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
summarizes
the
chemical
family
of
natural
products
with
1,2-oxazine
scaffold,
focusing
on
their
source
organisms,
structural
diversities,
bioactivities,
synthesis,
and
biosynthesis.
