Strain-Release Photocatalysis

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(38), P. 20716 - 20732

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old modern chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along synthesis small ring systems (pars construens strain). In last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal strain-release reactions destruens strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic that act three-dimensional alternatives (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added additional dimension processes by leveraging energy photons create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents latest advancements photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, current limitations─the unique architectures be produced, possible future directions.

Language: Английский

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Conquering the Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 1539 - 1553

Published: May 16, 2023

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have become established as attractive bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug design. Conferring various beneficial properties compared with their aromatic "parents," BCPs featuring a wide array of bridgehead substituents can now be accessed by an equivalent variety methods. In this perspective, we discuss the evolution field and focus on most enabling general methods synthesis, considering both scope limitation. Recent breakthroughs synthesis bridge-substituted are described, well methodologies postsynthesis functionalization. We further explore new challenges directions field, such emergence other rigid small ring hydrocarbons heterocycles possessing unique substituent exit vectors.

Language: Английский

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Applications of Bioisosteres in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(47), P. 18087 - 18122

Published: March 24, 2023

The design of bioisosteres represents a creative and productive approach to improve molecule, including by enhancing potency, addressing pharmacokinetic challenges, reducing off-target liabilities, productively modulating physicochemical properties. Bioisosterism is principle exploited in the bioactive compounds interest both medicinal agricultural chemists, this review, we provide synopsis applications where kind molecular editing has proved be advantageous molecule optimization. examples selected for discussion focus on carboxylic acids, fluorine fluorinated motifs compound design, some sulfoximine functionality, drug-H2O complexes, phenyl ring.

Language: Английский

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Skeletal Editing Approach to Bridge-Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(20), P. 10960 - 10966

Published: May 5, 2023

Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aza-BCHs) and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as attractive classes of sp3-rich cores for replacing flat, aromatic groups with metabolically resistant, three-dimensional frameworks in drug scaffolds. Strategies to directly convert, or "scaffold hop", between these bioisosteric subclasses through single-atom skeletal editing would enable efficient interpolation within this valuable chemical space. Herein, we describe a strategy hop" aza-BCH BCP nitrogen-deleting edit. Photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions, used prepare multifunctionalized frameworks, are coupled subsequent deamination step afford bridge-functionalized BCPs, which few synthetic solutions currently exist. The modular sequence provides access various privileged bridged bicycles pharmaceutical relevance.

Language: Английский

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1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzene

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(48), P. 14092 - 14099

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been synthesized, characterized, and biologically validated as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho -substituted benzene ring.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes enabling access to new chemical space

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(36), P. 9885 - 9891

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Crossed [2 + 2] cycloaddition yields bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with 11 different substitution patterns. ortho -, meta - and polysubstituted benzene bioisosteres, structures substituent patterns that go beyond aromatic chemical space can be prepared.

Language: Английский

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Three-dimensional saturated C(sp3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 605 - 627

Published: July 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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General and Modular Route to (Halo)alkyl BCP-Heteroaryls Enabled by α-Aminoalkyl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 619 - 627

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) heteroaryls continues to be a part the most important tasks in organic synthesis because they are significant class bioisosteres with universal applications drug discovery. However, substrate scope current multicomponent reactions is limited tertiary alkyl radicals and prefunctionalized (het)arenes due their intrinsic mechanisms, resulting decrease application value. Herein, we report straightforward alternative for (halo)alkyl BCP-heteroaryls from [1.1.1]propellane enabled by α-aminoalkyl radical-mediated halogen-atom transfer (XAT). Carbon derived commonly available precursors such as primary, secondary, halides polyhalides perform additions onto give BCP radicals, which then engage C–H/C–C couplings different heteroarenes. A wide range easily constructed moderate-to-good yields. Late-stage functionalization performed on approved derivatives proceeds good efficiency produce corresponding BCP-heteroaryls. The control experiments density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal radical nature reaction. This approach not only verifies (XAT) strategy but also provides practical efficient route multifunctionalized BCPs, significantly expands BCP-heteroaryl-type development.

Language: Английский

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A General Platform for Visible Light Sulfonylation Reactions Enabled by Catalytic Triarylamine EDA Complexes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(4), P. 2583 - 2592

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Catalytic electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes have recently emerged as a powerful and sustainable alternative to iridium- ruthenium-based photoredox synthetic methods. Yet, these remain underexplored reliant on the use of meticulously designed acceptors that require previous installation. Herein, we report novel EDA complex employing tris(4-methoxyphenyl) amine catalytic donor for sulfonylation alkenes using inexpensive readily available sulfonyl chlorides. Applying this operationally simple, visible-light-mediated general platform, both redox-neutral net-reductive functionalization more than 60 substrates, encompassing vinylic or allylic sulfonylation, hydrosulfonylation, sulfamoylation activated unactivated alkynes.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of 1-(Halo)alkyl-3-heteroaryl Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes Enabled by a Photocatalytic Minisci-type Multicomponent Reaction

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 6247 - 6258

Published: April 10, 2024

Aryl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-aryl) derivatives represent the most important bioisosteres of biaryl scaffolds and widely exist in numerous complex pharmaceutical molecules. The current synthetic method limitations using only tertiary radical precursors, prefunctionalized heteroarenes, toxic transition metals, expensive photocatalysts make it urgent to develop a more simple practical protocol. To confront enrich Minisci-type chemistry, herein, we disclose photocatalytic multicomponent reaction for synthesis various (halo)alkyl BCP-aryls [1.1.1]propellane, alkyl halides, unfunctionalized heteroarenes as starting materials. Diverse kinds radicals (primary, secondary, carbons) derived from chlorides, bromides, fluoroalkyl iodides are very compatible this transformation. practicability is additionally boosted by product derivatizations late-stage functionalization pharmaceutically relevant mechanistic studies demonstrate that relay mechanism initiated consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) process operation. We anticipate methodology would act useful tool biaryl-type drug derivatives, ultimately resulting great utility discovery program.

Language: Английский

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