Colloidal
molecules,
ordered
structures
assembled
from
micro-
and
nanoparticles,
serve
as
a
valuable
model
for
understanding
the
behavior
of
real
molecules
constructing
materials
with
tunable
properties.
In
this
work,
we
introduce
universal
strategy
assembling
colloidal
consisting
central
active
particle
surrounded
by
several
passive
particles
ligands.
During
assembly
process,
attract
surrounding
through
phoresis
osmosis
resulting
chemical
reactions
on
surface
particles,
while
repel
each
other
due
to
electric
polarization
induced
an
alternating
current
(AC)
field.
By
carefully
selecting
varying
sizes,
have
symmetric
asymmetric
dimers,
trimers,
multimers.
Furthermore,
coordination
number
these
can
be
regulated
in
time
situ
tuning
interaction
forces
between
constituent
particles.
Brownian
dynamics
simulations
reproduced
formation
validated
that
self-assembly
arises
chemically
attraction
electrical
dipolar
repulsion.
This
reconfigurable
assemblies
poses
potential
designing
adaptive
micro-nanomachines.
Nano-/microrobots
have
been
demonstrated
as
an
efficient
solution
for
environmental
remediation.
Their
strength
lies
in
their
propulsion
abilities
that
allow
active
“on-the-fly”
operation,
such
pollutant
detection,
capture,
transport,
degradation,
and
disruption.
Another
advantage
is
versatility,
which
allows
the
engineering
of
highly
functional
solutions
a
specific
application.
However,
latter
can
bring
complexity
to
applications;
versatility
dimensionality,
morphology,
materials,
surface
decorations,
other
modifications
has
crucial
effect
on
resulting
abilities,
compatibility
with
environment,
overall
functionality.
Synergy
between
decorations
its
projection
functionality
object
nanoarchitectonics.
Here,
we
scrutinize
nano-/microrobots
eyes
nanoarchitectonics:
list
general
concepts
help
assess
synergy
limitations
individual
procedures
fabrication
processes
operation
at
macroscale.
The
nanoarchitectonics
approached
from
microscopic
level,
focusing
dimensionality
through
nanoscopic
evaluating
influence
decoration
nanoparticles
quantum
dots,
moving
molecular
single-atomic
level
very
fine
tuning
presented
review
aims
lay
provide
overview
advanced
nano-/microrobot
remediation
beyond.
Small,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(46)
Published: Aug. 20, 2024
Abstract
Self‐propelled
nanomotors
possess
strong
propulsion
and
penetration
abilities,
which
can
increase
the
efficiency
of
cellular
uptake
nanoparticles
enhance
their
cytotoxicity
against
tumor
cells,
opening
a
new
path
for
treating
major
diseases.
In
this
study,
concept
driving
by
alternately
stretching
contracting
temperature‐sensitive
polymer
(TS‐P)
chain
is
proposed.
The
TS‐Ps
are
successfully
linked
to
one
side
Cu
2‐x
Se@Au
(CS@Au)
form
Janus
structure,
designated
as
Se@Au‐polymer
(CS@Au‐P)
nanomotors.
Under
near‐infrared
(NIR)
light
irradiation,
Se
generate
photothermal
effects
that
change
system
temperature,
triggering
alternation
TS‐P
structure
mechanical
force
propels
motion
CS@Au‐P
nanomotor
significantly
improved
enhanced
accumulation
in
tumor.
Furthermore,
exceptional
conversion
suggests
potential
nanomaterials
therapy
(PTT).
prepared
material
exhibited
good
biocompatibility
anti‐tumor
both
vivo
vitro,
providing
research
insights
into
design
application
therapy.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(20), P. 5476 - 5487
Published: May 15, 2024
Proteins,
genetic
material,
and
membranes
are
fundamental
to
all
known
organisms,
yet
these
components
alone
do
not
constitute
life.
Life
emerges
from
the
dynamic
processes
of
self-organization,
assembly,
active
motion,
suggesting
existence
similar
artificial
systems.
Against
this
backdrop,
our
Perspective
explores
a
variety
chemical
phenomena
illustrating
how
nonequilibrium
self-organization
micromotors
contribute
life-like
behavior
functionalities.
After
explaining
key
terms,
we
discuss
specific
examples
including
enzymatic
diffusiophoretic
bubble-driven
self-propulsion,
pattern-forming
reaction-diffusion
systems,
self-assembling
inorganic
aggregates,
hierarchically
emergent
phenomena.
We
also
provide
roadmap
for
combining
motion
possible
outcomes
through
biological
analogs.
suggest
that
research
direction,
deeply
rooted
in
physical
chemistry,
offers
opportunities
further
development
with
broad
impacts
on
related
sciences
technologies.
ACS Materials Letters,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 668 - 674
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
A
major
challenge
in
developing
smart
micromachines
that
can
mimic
natural
microorganisms
is
their
ability
to
adapt
changing
environments.
This
study
presents
a
matchstick-shaped
microrotor
consisting
of
TiO2
head
and
SiO2
tail,
with
one
side
coated
by
PtO.
The
provides
photochemical
propulsion
under
UV
light,
while
the
PtO
coating
chemical
H2O2.
rotates
because
its
asymmetric
structure
uneven
forces.
Notably,
stronger
rotor
orbits
tighter
circles
as
engine
counteracts
engine,
two
engines
located
on
opposite
sides
center
mass.
Additionally,
microrotors
shorter
tails
moved
smaller
were
more
sensitive
changes
light
intensity.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Modularly
organizing
active
micromachines
into
high-grade
metamachines
makes
a
great
leap
for
operating
the
microscopic
world
in
biomimetic
way.
However,
modulating
nonreciprocal
interactions
among
different
colloidal
motors
through
chemical
reactions
to
achieve
controllable
construction
of
with
specific
dynamic
properties
remains
challenging.
Here,
we
report
phototactic
constructed
by
shape-directed
self-assembly
chemically
driven
peanut-shaped
TiO2
and
Janus
spherical
Pt/SiO2
motors.
The
long-range
diffusiophoretic
attraction
generated
photocatalytic
reaction
dominates
sensing
collision
peanut
coupling
local
concentration
gradient
fields
between
two
types
generates
short-range
site-selective
interactions,
promoting
assembly
toward
well-defined
spatial
configurations.
Metamachines,
made
motors,
exhibit
configuration-dependent
kinematics.
can
be
reversibly
reconstructed
adjusting
lighting
conditions
move
phototactically
along
predetermined
path
under
structured
light
field.
Such
that
integrate
multiple
agents
provide
significant
avenue
fabricating
soft
matter
materials
intelligent
robotic
systems
advanced
applications.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(5)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Enzymes
facilitate
the
conversion
of
chemical
energy
into
mechanical
work
during
biochemical
reactions,
thereby
regulating
dynamic
metabolic
activity
living
systems.
However,
directly
observing
release
facilitated
by
fluctuating
individual
enzymes
remains
a
challenge,
leading
to
contentious
debate
regarding
underlying
reasons
for
this
phenomenon.
Here,
we
aim
overcome
challenge
developing
an
oscillating
nanomotor
powered
single-molecule
enzyme,
which
allows
real-time
tracking
transduction
in
enzymatic
reactions.
Through
analysis
shifts
free
profiles
within
nanomotors,
our
results
unveil
not
only
heterogeneous
patterns
enzyme
molecules
but
also
disorder
particular
over
extended
monitoring
periods.
By
exploring
six
distinct
types
provide
direct
evidence
supporting
argument
that
reaction
enthalpy
governs
release.
This
approach
has
implications
understanding
mechanism
catalysis
and
highly
efficient
nanomotors.
Angewandte Chemie,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Abstract
Developing
micro‐/nanomotors
that
convert
a
chemical
energy
input
into
local
gradient
field
and
motion
is
an
appealing
but
challenging
task
holds
particular
promise
for
the
intersection
of
materials
nanoengineering.
Over
past
two
decades,
remarkable
advancements
have
refined
these
out‐of‐equilibrium
chemically
powered
micro‐/nanomotors,
enabling
them
to
orchestrate
in
situ
transformations
dynamically
change
environments.
The
ionic
products,
radicals,
gases,
electric
fields
from
active
reshape
microenvironment,
paving
way
ecofriendly
disease
interventions.
This
review
discusses
state‐of‐the‐art
reactions
propel
energy‐consuming
elucidates
emerging
implications
their
products
on
biological
systems.
Particular
emphasis
has
been
placed
potential
neural
modulation,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
regulation,
synergistic
tumor
therapy,
antibacterial
strategies,
tissue
regeneration.
Collectively,
sketches
provide
landscape
therapeutic
modalities,
heralding
new
era
biomedicine.
By
harnessing
product
this
matter,
we
envision
paradigm
shift
toward
therapies
transcend
conventional
approaches,
promising
breakthroughs
diagnosis,
treatment,
prevention.
