Photon
avalanche
(PA)
upconverting
nanoparticles
(UCNPs)
have
attracted
great
interest
because
they
can
exhibit
giant
changes
in
upconversion
luminescence
(UCL)
intensity
through
small
perturbations
of
excitation
light.
The
discovery
PA
UCNPs
opens
up
their
applications
super-resolution
imaging,
microlasers
and
optical
environmental
sensing.
These
rely
heavily
on
low
threshold
high
nonlinear
order
UCNPs.
So
far,
the
only
be
reduced
material
modification.
In
this
work,
a
strategy
is
proposed
to
reduce
required
light
source
generate
UCL
from
guided-mode
resonance
(GMR)
effect
an
optimal
resonant
waveguide
grating
(RWG)
structure.
Before
using
RWG
structure,
Tm3+-doped
NaYF4
(NaYF4:Tm3+)
core
deposited
glass
substrate
∼7.1
kW/cm2
produce
with
(n)
∼
25.9.
comparison,
when
were
coated
surface
water-covered
structure
excited
under
GMR
condition,
2.72
was
needed
induce
n
39.5.
This
strongly
enhanced
local
electric
field
formed
which
enhances
interaction
between
UCNPs,
thereby
significantly
reducing
powerfully
enhance
performance
combination
developed
into
ultrasensitive
sandwich-type
immunosensors
for
biosensing
applications.
Nanoscale Horizons,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Upconverting
nanoparticles
(UCNPs)
convert
near-infrared
(IR)
light
into
higher-energy
visible
light,
allowing
them
to
be
used
in
applications
such
as
biological
imaging,
nano-thermometry,
and
photodetection.
It
is
well
known
that
the
upconversion
luminescent
efficiency
of
UCNPs
can
enhanced
by
using
a
host
material
with
low
phonon
energies,
but
use
low-vibrational-energy
inorganic
ligands
non-epitaxial
shells
has
been
relatively
underexplored.
Here,
we
investigate
functionalization
lanthanide-doped
NaYF4
Sn2S64-
ligands.
Raman
spectroscopy
elemental
mapping
are
employed
confirm
binding
UCNPs.
This
enhances
efficiencies
up
factor
16,
consistent
an
increase
lifetimes
lanthanide
ions.
Annealing
Sn2S64--capped
results
formation
nanocomposite
comprised
embedded
within
interconnected
matrix
SnS2,
enabling
each
UCNP
electrically
accessible
through
semiconducting
SnS2
matrix.
facilitates
integration
electronic
devices,
which
demonstrate
fabrication
UCNP-SnS2
photodetector
detects
UV
near-IR
light.
Our
findings
show
promise
capping
agents
enhance
properties
while
facilitating
their
optoelectronic
devices.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(22), P. 14514 - 14522
Published: May 22, 2024
Ligands
play
a
critical
role
in
the
optical
properties
and
chemical
stability
of
colloidal
nanocrystals
(NCs),
but
identifying
ligands
that
can
enhance
NC
is
daunting,
given
high
dimensionality
space.
Here,
we
use
machine
learning
(ML)
robotic
screening
to
accelerate
discovery
photoluminescence
quantum
yield
(PLQY)
CsPbBr3
perovskite
NCs.
We
developed
ML
model
designed
predict
relative
PL
enhancement
NCs
when
coordinated
with
ligand
selected
from
pool
29,904
candidate
molecules.
Ligand
candidates
were
using
an
active
(AL)
approach
accounted
for
uncertainty
quantified
by
twin
regressors.
After
eight
experimental
iterations
batch
AL
(corresponding
21
initial
72
model-recommended
ligands),
decreased,
demonstrating
increased
confidence
predictions.
Feature
importance
counterfactual
analyses
predictions
illustrate
potential
field
strength
designing
PL-enhancing
ligands.
Our
versatile
framework
be
readily
adapted
screen
effect
on
wide
range
nanomaterials.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Subwavelength
resonant
nanostructures
have
facilitated
strong
light–matter
interactions
and
tunable
degrees
of
freedom
light,
such
as
spectrum,
polarization,
direction,
thus
boosting
photonic
applications
toward
light
emission,
manipulation,
detection.
For
photodetection,
enabled
emerging
technologies,
detection
ranging,
spectrometers,
polarimeters,
within
an
ultracompact
footprint.
However,
nanophotonics
usually
relies
on
nanofabrication
technology,
which
suffers
from
the
trade-offs
between
precision
scalability.
Here,
we
first
realize
self-assembly
subwavelength
metal-halide
perovskites
for
spatial
object
localization
tracking.
By
steering
crystallization
along
capillary
corner
bridges
localized
at
edges,
achieve
single
crystallinity,
size,
coupling
perovskite
nanowires,
leading
to
angle-resolved
photodetector
with
angular
resolution
0.523°.
Furthermore,
integrate
multiple
pairs
coupled
nanowires
two
orthogonal
orientations
form
arrays
both
static
moving
objects
error
less
than
0.6
cm.
These
findings
create
a
platform
self-assembled
nanostructures,
paving
way
multifunctional
nanophotonic
optoelectronic
devices.
Abstract
Deterministic
three-dimensional
(3D)
super-resolution
microscopy
can
achieve
light-matter
interaction
in
a
small
volume,
but
usually
with
the
axial
extension
distinctly
more
elongated
than
lateral
one.
The
isoSTED
method
combining
two
opposing
objectives
and
multiple
laser
beams
offer
high
at
λ/12
level,
cost
of
optical
system
complexity
inherent
sidelobes.
high-order
nonlinear
effect
by
multiphoton
excitation
would
benefit
to
sub-diffraction
resolution
as
well
suppress
Herein,
an
easy-to-use,
sidelobe-free
deterministic
3D
nanoscopy
resolution,
we
developed
purely
physical
strategy
(UNEx-4Pi)
fusion
ultrahighly
(UNEx)
photon
avalanching
nanoparticles
mirror-based
bifocal
vector
field
modulation
(4Pi).
theoretical
studies
UNEx-4Pi
concept
showed
that
main
peak
fluorescence
spot
became
sharper
its
large
sidelobe
height
was
suppressed
increasing
nonlinearity.
In
addition,
simplicity
robustness
were
demonstrated
utilizing
mirror-assisted
single-objective
self-interference
strategy.
Experimentally,
realized
extremely
constringent
focal
without
sidelobes
observed,
achieving
up
λ/33
(26
nm)
using
one
low-power
CW
beam.
We
also
ability
scheme
bioimaging
nuclear
envelope
BSC-1
cells
stained
imaged
32
nm.
proposed
will
pave
way
for
highly
confined
space,
thereby
advancing
cutting-edge
technologies
like
sensing,
imaging,
lithography,
data
storage.
Abstract
Interfacial
molecular
engineering
of
rare
earth‐doped
nanocrystals
(RE
NCs)
by
incorporating
surface
organic
emitters
is
receiving
widespread
attention
in
the
area
functional
nanomaterials.
The
resulting
organic–inorganic
nanoconjugates
are
able
to
integrate
individual
strengths
and
show
exciting
optical/electrical/magnetic
functionalities.
However,
there
a
shortage
systematic
reviews
reporting
most
recent
progress
interfacial
RE
NCs.
Thereby,
this
review
presents
comprehensive
timely
perspective
on
advances
crucial
theoretical
knowledge
first
summarized,
ranging
from
luminescence
mechanism
molecules/RE
NCs
energy
transfer
mechanisms
at
interface.
Construction
protocols
for
coupling
molecules
then
discussed,
including
chemical
coordination
physical
adsorption
pathways.
In
particular,
beyond
traditional
bio‐imaging/therapy,
advanced
applications
enabled
interface
outlined,
not
limited
photoexcited
3D
printing,
light‐induced
photochromism/deformation,
micro‐modification,
dynamic
procedure
regulation.
Finally,
challenges
perspectives
presented
accelerate
future
provide
research
guidance
This
provides
deeper
broader
understanding
NC
pushes
technology
closer
practical
applications.
Nanoscale,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Overview
of
photon
avalanche
upconversion:
history,
imaging
applications,
photonic
and
challenges
for
frontier
applications.
Image
created
with
BioRender.
Materials Horizons,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Photon
avalanching
(PA)
nanomaterials
exhibit
some
of
the
most
nonlinear
optical
phenomena
reported
for
any
material,
allowing
them
to
push
frontiers
applications
ranging
from
nanoscale
imaging
and
sensing
computing.
But
PA
remains
shrouded
in
mystery,
with
its
underlying
physics
limitations
misunderstood.
is
not,
fact,
an
avalanche
photons,
at
least
not
same
way
that
snowballs
beget
more
snowballing
actual
avalanche.
In
this
focus
article,
we
dispel
these
other
common
myths
surrounding
lanthanide-based
nanoparticles
unravel
mysteries
unique
effect.
We
hope
removing
misconceptions
will
inspire
new
interest
harness
giant
nonlinearity
across
a
broad
range
scientific
fields.