Uptake of small extracellular vesicles by recipient cells is facilitated by paracrine adhesion signaling

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play crucial roles in intercellular communication. However, the internalization of individual sEVs by recipient cells has not been directly observed. Here, we examined these mechanisms using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Single-molecule shows that tumor-derived can be classified into several subtypes. Simultaneous single-sEV particle tracking and observation super-resolution movies membrane invaginations living reveal all sEV subtypes are internalized via clathrin-independent endocytosis mediated galectin-3 lysosome-associated protein-2C, while some recruited raft markers through caveolae. Integrin β1 talin-1 accumulate cell plasma membranes beneath Paracrine, but autocrine, binding triggers Ca 2+ mobilization induced activation Src family kinases phospholipase Cγ. Subsequent -induced calcineurin–dynamin promotes internalization, leading to recycling pathway. Thus, clarified detailed driven paracrine adhesion signaling.

Language: Английский

A New Strategy to Functionalize Exosomes via Enzymatic Engineering of Surface Glycans and its Application to Profile Exosomal Glycans and Endocytosis

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Exosomes are membrane‐enclosed nanoparticles secreted by cells to mediate intercellular communication. Hence, functionalized exosomes powerful tools in biology and medicine, efficient methods functionalize highly desired. In this work, a novel approach is developed modify based on enzymatic engineering of their surface glycans. It employs sialyltransferase an azide‐modified sialyl donor enzymatically install azido‐sialic acids onto exosomal The azide tags serve as universal molecular handles attach various probes, e.g., biotin, protein, fluorophore, etc., simple biocompatible click chemistry. This easy effective, the modified readily retrieved from plate, enabling production functional practical scales for studies applications. obtained employed profile glycans, disclosing diverse glycosylation patterns different origins. They also facilitated comprehensive investigations cellular uptake disclose macropinocytosis main general route, while other endocytosis pathways partially involved specific exosomes. Additionally, new exosome functionalization has been demonstrated be widely applicable

Language: Английский