Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6506), P. 979 - 983

Published: July 2, 2020

Modifying MXene surfaces Unlike graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides, two-dimensional carbides (MXenes) have many surface sites that can be chemically modified. Etching of the aluminum layer a parent MAX phase Ti 3 AlC 2 layered material with hydrofluoric acid leads to C various terminations. Molten salts achieve uniform chloride terminations, but these are difficult further modify. Kamysbayev et al. show etching phases in molten cadmium bromide bromide-terminated MXenes then substituted oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, NH groups as well vacancy sites. The alter electronic transport. For example, Nb exhibit group–dependent superconductivity. Science , this issue p. 979

Language: Английский

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Ten Years of Progress in the Synthesis and Development of MXenes

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(39)

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Abstract Since their discovery in 2011, the number of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) has steadily increased. Currently more than 40 MXene compositions exist. The ultimate is far greater time they may develop into largest family materials known. MXenes’ unique properties, such as metal‐like electrical conductivity reaching ≈20 000 S cm −1 , render them quite useful a large applications, including energy storage, optoelectronic, biomedical, communications, environmental. papers patents published been growing quickly. first generation synthesized using selective etching layers from MAX phases, layered carbonitrides hydrofluoric acid. then, multiple synthesis approaches have developed, mixture fluoride salts various acids, non‐aqueous etchants, halogens, molten salts, allowing for new MXenes with better control over surface chemistries. Herein, brief historical overview 10 years research perspective on future development are provided. fact that production readily scalable aqueous environments, high yields bodes well commercialization.

Language: Английский

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MXene chemistry, electrochemistry and energy storage applications

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 389 - 404

Published: April 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advances in the Synthesis of 2D MXenes

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(39)

Published: Aug. 22, 2021

Abstract 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, also known as MXenes, are versatile materials due to their adjustable structure rich surface chemistry. The physical chemical diversity has recognized MXenes a potential material with wide spectrum of application domains. Since the discovery in 2011, variety synthetic routes been proposed advancement toward large‐scale preparing methods for MXene nanosheets derivative products. Herein, critical synthesis aspects operating conditions that influence characteristics discussed detail. emerging etching including HF methods, situ HF‐forming electrochemical alkali molten salt well delamination strategies discussed. Considering future developments practical applications, antioxidation summarized. In summary, generalized overview protocols an outlook current challenges promising technologies preparation stable storage is provided.

Language: Английский

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Emerging 2D MXenes for supercapacitors: status, challenges and prospects

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(18), P. 6666 - 6693

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

MXenes refer to a family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides that are rich in chemistry. The first member the family, Ti3C2Tx, was reported 2011. Since then have opened up an exciting new field inorganic functional materials by virtue their intrinsic electronic conductivity, superior hydrophilicity, surface chemistry and layered structure, as evidenced fact number papers on has increased exponentially. unique properties ease processing positioned them promising for variety applications including energy storage, especially supercapacitors. In this review, we aim summarize current advances MXene research We begin reviewing various fabrication routes influence structure MXenes. properties, stability, species introduced. focus turns capacitive energy-storage mechanisms factors determining electrochemical behavior performance Besides, types MXene-based supercapacitors summarized highlight significance constructing storage devices. Finally, challenges prospects booming proposed promote further development

Language: Английский

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Fundamentals of MXene synthesis

Nature Synthesis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(8), P. 601 - 614

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Photothermal Conversion of 2D MXene Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(47)

Published: April 22, 2020

Abstract Since their discovery in 2011, 2D transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) materials have received extensive interest due to unique planar structure, chemical diversity, and superior physiochemical features. Very recently, MXenes demonstrated outstanding photothermal conversion by virtue of excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capacity a localized surface plasmon resonance effect. Photothermal is an efficient way utilize solar energy that allows the transformation illumination into thermal energy, thus enabling be applied various fields, such as steam generation biomedicals. However, light‐to‐heat capability has been paid much less attention until now. Recent progress reviewed provide comprehensive understanding mechanism applications. First, synthetic strategies nanocomposites will briefly summarized, discussion and, most importantly, current advances applications follow. It highly anticipated MXenes, through elaborate material design interdisciplinary approach, become one mainstream application fields also expanded near future.

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide/Nitride (MXene) Hybrids and Nanocomposites for Catalytic Energy Storage and Conversion

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 10834 - 10864

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

Electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalysis play a critical role toward the realization of sustainable energy economy. They facilitate numerous redox reactions in storage conversion systems, enabling production chemical feedstock clean fuels from abundant resources like water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen. One major obstacle for their large-scale implementation is scarcity cost-effective, durable, efficient catalysts. A family two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides (MXenes) has recently emerged as promising earth-abundant candidates large-area catalytic due to unique properties hydrophilicity, high metallic conductivity, ease by solution processing. To take full advantage these desirable properties, MXenes have been combined with other materials form MXene hybrids significantly enhanced performances beyond sum individual components. hybridization tunes electronic structure optimal binding active species improve intrinsic activity while increasing density accessibility sites. This review outlines recent strategies design industrially relevant electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic applications such water splitting, metal-air/sulfur batteries, dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction. By clarifying roles material components hybrids, we provide synergistically couple associated highly durable applications. We conclude highlighting key gaps current understanding guide future hybrid designs

Language: Английский

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Fundamentals, advances and challenges of transition metal compounds-based supercapacitors

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 412, P. 128611 - 128611

Published: Jan. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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A Review on MXene Synthesis, Stability, and Photocatalytic Applications

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 13370 - 13429

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation have emerged as promising strategies to remedy the existing environmental energy crises. However, grafting of expensive less abundant noble-metal cocatalysts on photocatalyst materials is a mandatory practice achieve enhanced photocatalytic performance owing ability extract electrons efficiently from enable rapid/enhanced catalytic reaction. Hence, developing highly efficient, inexpensive, noble-metal-free composed earth-abundant elements considered noteworthy step toward considering photocatalysis more economical strategy. Recently, MXenes (two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides) shown huge potential alternatives for cocatalysts. several excellent properties, including atomically thin 2D morphology, metallic electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surface, high specific surface area. In addition, they exhibit Gibbs free intermediate H atom adsorption close zero than that commercial Pt-based cocatalyst, Fermi level position above H2 generation potential, an capture activate molecules. Therefore, there growing interest in MXene-based various events. this review, we focus recent advances synthesis with 0D morphologies, stability MXenes, photocatalysts evolution, degradation. The challenges possible future directions enhance are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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