The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 1561 - 1623

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions concentrations of CH4 continue increase, making second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance compared CO2 depends on its shorter atmospheric lifetime, stronger warming potential, variations growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges reducing uncertainties arise from variety geographically overlapping sources destruction by short-lived hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium multidisciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project synthesize stimulate new research aimed at improving regularly updating budget. Following Saunois et al. (2016), present here version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down studies (atmospheric observations within an inverse-modelling framework) bottom-up estimates (including process-based models estimating land surface chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). For 2008–2017 estimated inversions (a approach) be 576 Tg yr−1 (range 550–594, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of this total, 359 or ∼ 60 % attributed sources, that caused direct human activity (i.e. emissions; range 336–376 50 %–65 %). mean annual total emission decade (2008–2017) 29 larger than our estimate previous (2000–2009), 24 one reported 2003–2012 (Saunois al., 2016). Since 2012, been tracking warmest scenarios assessed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change. Bottom-up methods suggest almost 30 (737 yr−1, 594–881) inversion methods. Indeed, natural such as wetlands, other inland water systems, geological higher estimates. constraints least some overestimated. latitudinal distribution observation-based indicates predominance tropical (∼ 65 < 30∘ N) mid-latitudes %, 30–60∘ high northern latitudes 4 60–90∘ N). source uncertainty attributable especially those wetlands waters. Some smaller previously published budgets 2016; Kirschke 2013). In particular wetland about 35 lower due improved partition Emissions wild animals also found 7 8 respectively. However, overall discrepancy between has reduced only 5 waters, highlighting need more detailed factors. Priorities include (i) global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting based robust classification different types habitats; (ii) further development inland-water (iii) intensification local scales (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements) urban-scale monitoring constrain models, regional (surface networks satellites) inversions; (iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks (v) 3D variational system using isotopic and/or co-emitted species ethane improve partitioning. data presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-CH4-2019 2020) Project.

Language: Английский

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Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 569 - 586

Published: June 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Language: Английский

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Half of global methane emissions come from highly variable aquatic ecosystem sources

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 225 - 230

Published: April 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 071002 - 071002

Published: July 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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The economics and the environmental benignity of different colors of hydrogen

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(57), P. 24136 - 24154

Published: March 4, 2022

Due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, as well due rapidly use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation over last years, interest hydrogen is rising again. Hydrogen can be used a storage for balancing whole systems, and contributing decarbonization system, especially industry transport sector. The major objective this paper discuss various ways production depending on primary used. Moreover, economic environmental performance three colors, barriers faster deployment fuel cell vehicles, are analyzed. conclusion that full benefits highly dependent methods Only green with from wind, PV hydro has truly low emissions. All other like blue CCUS or electrolysis using grid have substantially higher coming close grey production. Another it important introduce an international market lower costs produce where conditions best. Finally, open question remaining whether – including all external carriers, any color may become economically competitive sector system. future success very technological development resulting cost reductions, priorities corresponding policy framework. framework should support shift hydrogen.

Language: Английский

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Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6580), P. 557 - 561

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Methane emissions from oil and gas (O&G) production transmission represent a considerable contribution to climate change. These comprise sporadic releases of large amounts methane during maintenance operations or equipment failures not accounted for in current inventory estimates. We collected analyzed hundreds very atmospheric images sampled by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) between 2019 2020. Ultra-emitters are primarily detected over largest O&G basins throughout world. With total equivalent 8 12% (~8 million metric tons per year) global emissions, mitigation ultra-emitters is largely achievable at low costs would lead robust net benefits billions US dollars six major O&G-producing countries when considering societal methane.

Language: Английский

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Methane Mitigation: Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 58(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2020

Abstract The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement. Urgent action required bring back a pathway more in line goals. Emission reduction from “tractable” (easier mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuel industries and landfills being much facilitated by technical advances past decade, which have radically improved our ability locate, identify, quantify, reduce emissions. Measures emissions “intractable” (harder agriculture biomass burning received less attention are also becoming feasible, including removal elevated‐methane ambient air near sources. wider effort use microbiological dietary intervention cattle (and humans) not addressed detail this essentially geophysical review. Though they cannot replace need reach “net‐zero” CO 2 , significant reductions will ease timescales needed targets for any particular future temperature limit. There no single magic bullet, but implementation wide array mitigation emission strategies could substantially cut global burden, at cost that relatively low compared parallel necessary measures thereby toward consistent

Language: Английский

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Prompt rewetting of drained peatlands reduces climate warming despite methane emissions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 2, 2020

Peatlands are strategic areas for climate change mitigation because of their matchless carbon stocks. Drained peatlands release this to the atmosphere as dioxide (CO

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 127 - 179

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Agriculture's Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct From Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Agriculture is a significant contributor to anthropogenic global warming, and reducing agricultural emissions—largely methane nitrous oxide—could play role in climate change mitigation. However, there are important differences between carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which stock pollutant, (CH 4 predominantly flow pollutant. These dynamics mean that conventional reporting of aggregated CO -equivalent emission rates highly ambiguous does not straightforwardly reflect historical or anticipated contributions temperature change. As result, the roles responsibilities different sectors emitting gases similarly obscured by common means communicating reduction scenarios using -equivalence. We argue for shift how we report greenhouse gas emissions think about their mitigation better distinct gases. Policy-makers, stakeholders, society at large should also be reminded agriculture much broader topic than science alone can inform, including considerations economic technical feasibility, preferences food supply land-use, notions fairness justice. A more nuanced perspective on impacts could aid these conversations.

Language: Английский

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