Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Arctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC), drift with sea ice from October 2019 September 2020. An international team designed implemented program characterize system unprecedented detail, seafloor air-sea ice-ocean interface, sub-mesoscales pan-Arctic. The oceanographic measurements were coordinated other teams explore ocean physics linkages ecosystem. This paper introduces major components complements overviews MOSAiC observational program. OCEAN’s sampling strategy was around hydrographic ship-, ice- autonomous platform-based improve understanding circulation mixing processes. Measurements carried out both routinely, regular schedule, response storms or opening leads. Here we present along-drift time series properties, allowing insights into seasonal evolution water column winter Laptev Sea early summer Fram Strait: freshening surface, deepening mixed layer, increase temperature salinity Atlantic Water. We also highlight presence Canada Basin deep intrusions surface meltwater layer most likely comprehensive ever over ice-covered Ocean. While data analysis interpretation ongoing, acquired datasets will support wide range multi-disciplinary research. They provide significant foundation assessing advancing modeling capabilities

Language: Английский

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Microplastics distribution in the Eurasian Arctic is affected by Atlantic waters and Siberian rivers

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Abstract Plastic pollution is globally recognised as a threat to marine ecosystems, habitats, and wildlife, it has now reached remote locations such the Arctic Ocean. Nevertheless, distribution of microplastics in Eurasian particularly underreported. Here we present analyses 60 subsurface pump water samples 48 surface neuston net from with goal quantify classify relation oceanographic conditions. In our study area, found on average 0.004 items per m 3 samples, 0.8 samples. Microplastic characteristics differ significantly between Atlantic water, Polar discharge plumes Great Siberian Rivers, allowing identification two sources microplastic (p < 0.05 for morphology, polymer types). The highest weight concentration was observed within waters origin. river identified second largest source. We conclude that these masses govern Arctic. properties (i.e. abundance, type, size, concentrations) can be used masses.

Language: Английский

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Recent state transition of the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 485 - 491

Published: May 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Arctic Ocean sediments as important current and future sinks for marine microplastics missing in the global microplastic budget

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(27)

Published: July 5, 2023

To better understand unexpectedly low plastic loads at the ocean's surface compared with inputs, unidentified sinks must be located. Here, we present microplastic (MP) budget for multi-compartments in western Arctic Ocean (WAO) and demonstrate that sediments serve as important current future MPs missing from global budget. We identified an increase of 3% year-1 MP deposition sediment core observations. Relatively elevated abundances were found seawater around summer sea ice retreat region, implying enhanced accumulation facilitated by barrier. estimate 15.7 ± 2.30 × 1016 N 0.21 0.14 MT total WAO 90% (by mass) buried post-1930 sediments, which exceeds average marine load. The slower burial versus production implies a lag delivery to Arctic, indicating more pollution future.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 171 - 179

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract The Arctic experiences climate changes that are among the fastest in world and affect all Earth system components. Despite expected increase terrigenous inputs to Ocean, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles currently largely neglected IPCC-like models. Here we used a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean biogeochemistry model includes carbon nutrient from rivers coastal erosion produce twenty-first-century pan-Arctic projections. Surprisingly, even with an anticipated rise primary production across wide range of emission scenarios, our findings indicate change will lead counterintuitive 40% reduction efficiency Arctic’s biological pump by 2100, which contribute 10%. Terrigenous also drive intense CO 2 outgassing, reducing Ocean’s sink at least 10% (33 TgC yr −1 ). These unexpected reinforced feedback, mostly due accelerated remineralization rates, lower capacity for sequestering carbon.

Language: Английский

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Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters the marginal ice zone once highly reflective sea retreats spring, solar elevation increases, and surface become stratified by addition sea-ice melt water. In fact, virtually all recent large-scale estimates primary production Arctic Ocean (AO) assume that water column under is negligible. However, over past two decades, an emerging literature showing significant under-ice on a pan-Arctic scale has challenged our paradigms ecology phenology. This evidence, which builds previous, but scarce reports, requires scientific community change its perception traditional AO phenology urgently revise it. particular, it essential better comprehend, small large scales, changing variable icescapes, light field biogeochemical cycles during transition from covered ice-free waters. Here, we provide baseline current knowledge blooms (UIBs), defining their environmental setting, also regional peculiarities (in terms occurrence, magnitude, assemblages), shaped complex AO. To this end, multidisciplinary approach, i.e., combining expeditions modern autonomous technologies, satellite, modeling analyses, been used overview phenological feature, will increasingly important future marine cycles.

Language: Английский

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Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice Cover Over the Last Century

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(1)

Published: Dec. 10, 2021

Abstract Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean transport, loss to atmosphere since 1900 relation sea ice cover. Our synthesis largely based on ice‐ocean model forced by reanalysis (1900–2018) corroborated comprehensive hydrographic database (1950–), AW inflow observations (1996–), other long‐term time series of extent (1900–), glacier retreat (1984–), Barents Sea hydrography (1900–). The Ocean, including Nordic Seas, has warmed 1970s. This warming congruent with increased contributed marine‐terminating glaciers Greenland. Heat largest Seas (60% total) large variability linked frequency Cold Air Outbreaks cyclones region, but there no statistically significant trend. from (∼30%) seas farther north (∼10%) overall smaller, exhibit positive trends. inflow, total atmosphere, dense outflow have all 1900. These are consistently related through theoretical scaling, increase also wind‐driven. CO 2 uptake ∼30% over last century—consistent allowing stronger air‐sea interaction ∼8% global uptake.

Language: Английский

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Turbulence theories and statistical closure approaches

Physics Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 935, P. 1 - 117

Published: July 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 223 - 248

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the system, prominent indicator climate change, and possibly control factor for high-latitude climate. state knowledge wind-driven reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements system. Sea-ice losses accompanied an intensification gyre circulation increasing heat freshwater content. Present understanding these changes evaluated, time series content are updated include most recent observations.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Arctic Stratification and Mixed Layer Depth Cycle: A Modeling Analysis

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 127(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Climate change is especially strong in the region of Arctic Ocean, and will have an important impact on its thermo‐haline structure. We analyze results a hindcast simulation new 3D ocean model North Atlantic oceans for period 1970–2019. compared time 1970–1999 with 2010–2019. The comparison showed that there decrease stratification between two periods over most shallow shelf seas core Transpolar Ice Drift. Fresh water inputs to surface decline, momentum increase, which can explain stratification. also mixed layer becomes deeper during winter, response weakened owing increased vertical mixing. summer depths follows deepening pattern less evident. Regional exceptions include Nansen Basin part Canadian bordering Archipelago, where shoals. Trends freshwater fluxes imply changes haline these regions are influenced by other processes, example, horizontal advection fresh water, mixing underlaying masses. Runoff increase toward Ocean locally but salinity, has be explained coastal dynamics. emphasize non‐linear nature

Language: Английский

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