Mineral dust aerosol impacts on global climate and climate change

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 71 - 86

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Growing Threat to Water and Air Quality

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 44 - 64

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

The global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) poses an increasing threat to public health. CyanoHABs are characterized by the production toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Human exposure cyanotoxins is challenging forecast, and perhaps least understood route via inhalation. While aerosolization toxins from marine algal (HABs) has been well documented, in freshwater systems remains understudied. In recent years, spray aerosol (SA) produced airshed Laurentian Great Lakes (United States Canada) characterized, suggesting that may impact atmospheric loading more than previously understood. Therefore, further investigation regarding on human respiratory health warranted. This review examines current research incorporation cells into SA aquatic ecosystems which experience HABs. We present overview cyanotoxin fate environment, biological SA, existing data relevant collection methods, adverse outcomes associated with

Language: Английский

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Lifecycle of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

Abstract Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs), including black carbon and light-absorbing organic (brown carbon, BrC), have an important role in the Earth system via heating atmosphere, dimming surface, modifying dynamics, reducing snow/ice albedo, exerting positive radiative forcing. The lifecycle of LACs, from emission to atmospheric evolution further deposition, is key their overall climate impacts uncertainties determining hygroscopic optical properties, burden, interactions with clouds, deposition on snowpack. At present, direct observations constraining some processes during LACs (e.g., between hydrometeors) are rather limited. Large inconsistencies directly measured LAC properties those used for model evaluations also exist. Modern models starting incorporate detailed aerosol microphysics evaluate transformation rates water solubility, chemical composition, phases which shown improved performance. However, process-level understanding modeling still poor particularly BrC, yet be sufficiently assessed due lack global-scale measurements. Appropriate treatments size- composition-resolved that influence both aerosol–cloud expected advance quantification light absorption system. This review summarizes recent advances up-to-date knowledge highlighting essential issues where measurements need improvement.

Language: Английский

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Coexistence of three liquid phases in individual atmospheric aerosol particles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(16)

Published: April 15, 2021

Significance Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play an important role air quality climate system. These can contain mixtures of primary organic aerosol, secondary inorganic aerosol. We show that such internally mixed three liquid phases. also demonstrate presence phases impacts time needed for to reach equilibrium with surrounding gas phase likely ability activate into cloud droplets. A framework is presented predicting conditions formation atmosphere. results will lead improved representations aerosols models predictions.

Language: Английский

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Tropical and Boreal Forest – Atmosphere Interactions: A Review

Tellus B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 24 - 24

Published: March 25, 2022

This review presents how the boreal and tropical forests affect atmosphere, its chemical composition, function, further that affects climate and, in return, ecosystems through feedback processes. Observations from key tower sites standing out due to their long-term comprehensive observations: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory Central Amazonia, Zotino Siberia, Station Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations at Hyytiäla Finland. is complemented by short-term observations networks large experiments. discusses atmospheric chemistry observations, aerosol formation processing, physiochemical aerosol, cloud condensation nuclei properties finds surprising similarities important differences two ecosystems. concentrations are similar, particularly concerning main components, both dominated an organic fraction, while ecosystem has generally higher of inorganics, influence long-range transported air pollution. emissions biogenic volatile compounds isoprene monoterpene regions, respectively, being precursors fraction. modeling studies show change deforestation such carbon hydrological cycles Amazonia changing neutrality precipitation downwind. In Africa, so far maintaining sink. It urgent better understand interaction between these major ecosystems, climate, which calls for more observation sites, providing data on water, carbon, other biogeochemical cycles. essential finding a sustainable balance forest preservation reforestation versus potential increase food production biofuels, critical services global stability. Reducing warming vital forests.

Language: Английский

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Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(2)

Published: April 21, 2022

Abstract Atmospheric ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) play a critical role in cloud freezing processes, with important implications for precipitation formation and radiative properties, thus weather climate. Additionally, INP emissions respond to changes the Earth System climate, example, desertification, agricultural practices, fires, therefore may introduce climate feedbacks that are still poorly understood. As knowledge of nature origins INPs has advanced, regional global weather, system models have increasingly begun link ice processes model‐simulated aerosol abundance types. While these recent advances exciting, coupling simulated also makes physics simulations susceptible uncertainties simulation INPs, which constrained by observations. Advancing predictability reasonable spatiotemporal resolution will require an increased focus on research bridges measurement modeling communities. This review summarizes current state identifies gaps from both observational perspectives. In particular, we emphasize needs two key areas: (a) closure between quantities (b) skillful within existing models. We discuss various particle types briefly challenges faced understanding impacts present‐day Finally, identify priority directions observations improve their interactions System.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory aerosols and droplets in the transmission of infectious diseases

Reviews of Modern Physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has led to a renewed focus on the physicochemical properties droplets and aerosol particles that are exhaled during breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, sneezing. In this article, respiratory particles, including their number concentrations size distributions, as well formation mechanisms at different sites in system, reviewed. data literature synthesized via parametrization particle distribution using log-normal modes related origin sites.

Language: Английский

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PFAS on atmospheric aerosol particles: a review

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 133 - 150

Published: April 7, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants of concern to human health. These synthetic chemicals in widespread use for consumer products, firefighting foams, industrial applications. They have been detected all over the globe, including at remote locations distant from any possible point sources. One mechanism long-range transport PFAS is through sorption aerosol particles atmosphere. can be transferred sea surface spray wave breaking bubble bursting, emitted atmosphere gas phase sorb particulate matter gas-particle partitioning. Here we present a comprehensive review global measurements on ambient dating back first reports early 2000s. We summarize findings historically important C8 species, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), detection isomers size-segregated measurements, as well studies newer emerging PFAS. conclude that long-term monitoring should expanded include more measurement sites under-sampled regions world further non-targeted work identify novel structures needed manufacturing regulations continue evolve.

Language: Английский

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Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4345 - 4345

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

The leading mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their damaging effects are the promotion of oxidative stress, induction an inflammatory response, and deregulation immune system by reducing its ability to limit infectious agents' spreading. This influence starts in prenatal age continues during childhood, most susceptible period life, due a lower efficiency damage detoxification, higher metabolic breathing rate, enhanced oxygen consumption per unit body mass. Air pollution is involved acute disorders like asthma exacerbations upper respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis, tuberculosis, pneumoniae. Pollutants can also contribute onset chronic asthma, they lead deficit lung function growth, long-term damage, eventually illness. abatement policies, applied last decades, contributing mitigating quality issues, but more efforts should be encouraged improve childhood disease with possible positive on function. narrative review aims summarize recent studies links between

Language: Английский

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Microphysical properties of atmospheric soot and organic particles: measurements, modeling, and impacts

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 8, 2024

Abstract Atmospheric soot and organic particles from fossil fuel combustion biomass burning modify Earth’s climate through their interactions with solar radiation modifications of cloud properties by acting as condensation nuclei ice nucleating particles. Recent advancements in understanding individual microscopic composition have led to heightened interest microphysical properties. This review article provides an overview current advanced measurements offers insights into future avenues for studying these To quantify morphology ageing, fractal dimension ( D f ) is a commonly employed quantitative metric which allows characterize morphologies aggregates relation ageing factors like internal mixing state, core-shell structures, phase, heterogeneity. Models been developed incorporate diversity metrics aged particles, enabling assessment optical absorption radiative forcing effects. The are complex they influenced particle sources, process, meteorological conditions. Furthermore, soluble exhibit diverse forms can engage liquid–liquid phase separation sulfate nitrate components. Primary carbonaceous such tar balls warrant further attention due strong light absorbing properties, presence toxic constituents, small size, impact human health. Future research needs include both atmospheric modeling approaches, focusing on changes the structures ensembles, effects dynamics

Language: Английский

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