Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 10, 2025
This
study
conducted
laboratory
experiments
to
investigate
the
bedload
transport
within
a
patchy
submerged
canopy
across
range
of
patch
area
densities
and
spatial
configurations.
The
(
ϕp
),
defined
as
bed
fraction
covered
by
patches,
ranged
from
0
0.56,
while
configurations
varied
channel-spanning
patches
laterally
unconfined
patches.
At
low
density
id="im2">ϕp<
0.3),
id="im3">ϕp
increased,
more
flow
passed
over
top
canopy,
decreasing
near-bed
velocity.
However,
formation
turbulent
wakes
around
individual
increased
kinetic
energy
(TKE).
These
opposing
trends
led
mild
decrease
in
rate
with
increasing
id="im4">ϕp
.
In
contrast,
at
high
id="im5">ϕp>
both
velocity
TKE
decreased
id="im6">ϕp
,
resulting
sharp
rate.
Furthermore,
same
id="im7">ϕp
were
associated
lower
transport,
compared
A
predictive
model
for
that
incorporated
mean
provided
accurate
predictions
than
models
based
only
on
time-averaged
(bed
stress)
or
TKE.
Land,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 1271 - 1271
Published: Aug. 8, 2022
The
change
in
land
use
and
cover
upstream
watersheds
will
the
features
of
drainage
systems
such
that
they
impact
surface
overflow
affect
infiltration
capacity
a
surface,
which
is
one
factors
contributes
to
flooding.
key
objective
this
study
identify
vulnerable
areas
flooding
assess
causes
using
ground-based
measurement,
remote
sensing
data,
GIS-based
flood
risk
mapping
approaches
for
hazard
Teunom
watershed.
purposes
investigation
were
to:
(1)
examine
level
characteristics
changes
occurred
area
between
2009
2019;
(2)
determine
on
water
capacity;
(3)
produce
maps
sub-district.
Landsat
imagery
2009,
2013,
slope
maps;
field
measurement
soil
data
utilized
study.
results
show
significant
increase
residential
land,
open
rice
fields,
wetlands
(water
bodies)
different
rates
contribute
variation
zone
hazards.
watershed
has
high
very
~11.98%
total
area,
moderate
56.24%,
low
~31.79%.
generally
risk,
with
~68%
(moderate
risk).
There
was
substantial
reduction
forest
agricultural
shrubs
from
2019.
Therefore,
segmentation
flood-risk
zones
essential
preparation
region.
offers
basic
information
about
central
governments,
local
NGOs,
communities
intervene
preparedness,
responses,
mitigation
recovery
processes,
respectively.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
37(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Submerged
aquatic
vegetation
(SAV)
changes
the
turbulent
structure
of
rivers,
wetlands,
estuaries,
and
lakes.
However,
few
studies
have
focused
on
influence
SAV
hydrodynamic
characteristics
under
wind-induced
flow.
Therefore,
laboratory
experiments
were
conducted
to
study
effects
flow
turbulence
flow,
spectral
based
decomposition
method
was
used
separate
wave
velocity.
Result
shows
that
reduced
local
velocity
within
canopy
elevates
location
zero-velocity
point.
The
drag
caused
by
increases
decay
rate
Reynolds
stress
along
depth
while
hardly
influencing
stress.
Canopy
depresses
RMS
(root
mean
square)
orbital
presence
leads
decrease
in
TKE
(turbulent
kinetic
energy)
production
dissipation
canopy.
more
effectively
diminishes
than
it
does
dissipation.
Research
isotropy
flows
promotes
a
gradual
transition
from
anisotropy
Finally,
quadrant
analysis
reveals
probabilities
contribution
momentum
ejection
sweep.
Reviews of Geophysics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
58(1)
Published: Jan. 6, 2020
Predicting
the
morphodynamics
of
sedimentary
landscapes
due
to
fluvial
and
aeolian
flows
requires
answering
following
questions:
Is
flow
strong
enough
initiate
sediment
transport,
is
sustain
transport
once
initiated,
how
much
transported
by
in
saturated
state
(i.e.,
what
capacity)?
In
geomorphological
related
literature,
widespread
consensus
has
been
that
initiation,
cessation,
capacity
initiation
are
controlled
fluid
entrainment
bed
caused
forces
overcoming
local
resisting
forces,
whereas
cessation
impact
impacts
particles
with
bed.
Here
physics
reviewed
emphasis
on
recent
consensus-challenging
developments
experiments,
two-phase
modeling,
incorporation
granular
physics'
concepts.
Highlighted
similarities
between
dense
such
as
a
superslow
motion
known
creeping
(which
occurs
for
arbitrarily
weak
driving
flows)
system-spanning
force
networks
resist
entrainment;
roles
magnitude
duration
turbulent
fluctuation
events
traditionally
overlooked
role
particle-bed
triggering
transport;
common
physical
underpinning
thresholds
across
environments.
This
sheds
new
light
well-known
Shields
diagram,
where
measurements
could
actually
correspond
entrainment-independent
thresholds.
Water,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 116 - 116
Published: Jan. 6, 2021
Vegetation
on
the
banks
and
flooding
areas
of
watercourses
significantly
affects
energy
losses.
To
take
latter
into
account,
computational
models
make
use
resistance
coefficients
based
evaluation
bed
walls
roughness
besides
to
flow
offered
by
vegetation.
This
paper,
after
summarizing
classical
approaches
descriptions
pictures,
considers
recent
advancements
related
analytical
methods
relative
both
rigid
flexible
In
particular,
emergent
vegetation
is
first
analyzed
focusing
for
determining
drag
coefficient,
then
submerged
analyzed,
highlighting
briefly
principles
which
different
are
recalling
comparisons
made
in
literature.
Then,
used
case
highlighted.
As
vegetation,
paper
reminds
conditions
that
cause
lay
channel
bed,
laws
were
developed
design
irrigation
canals.
The
most
developments
presented.
Since
turbulence
studies
should
be
considered
as
basis
resistance,
even
though
path
toward
practical
still
long,
new
field
3D
numerical
reviewed,
presently
assess
characteristics
transport
sediments
pollutants.
remote
sensing
map
riparian
estimating
biomechanical
parameters
analyzed.
Finally,
some
applications
presented,
aimed
at
highlighting,
real
cases,
influence
exerted
water
depth
maintenance
interventions.
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
57(3)
Published: Feb. 17, 2021
Abstract
Laboratory
experiments
examined
the
impact
of
model
vegetation
on
turbulence
and
resuspension.
The
turbulent
kinetic
energy
increased
with
increasing
velocity
solid
volume
fraction,
but
did
not
depend
stem
diameter.
vegetation‐generated
dominated
total
inside
canopies.
For
same
sediment
size,
critical
at
which
resuspension
was
initiated
for
both
vegetated
bare
beds,
resulted
in
a
that
decreased
fraction.
Both
had
no
dependence
However,
denser
canopies
and/or
canopy
smaller
greater
slope
is
required
to
initiate
This
study
provides
way
predict
onset
regions
vegetation,
an
important
threshold
transport
landscape
evolution.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
1006
Published: March 7, 2025
This
study
investigates
how
the
spatial
configuration
of
submerged
three-dimensional
patches
vegetation
impacts
turbulence.
Laboratory
experiments
were
conducted
in
a
channel
with
model
configured
different
patch
area
densities
(
$\phi
_{p}$
),
representing
bed
fraction
occupied
by
patches,
ranging
from
0.13
to
0.78,
and
patterns
transitioning
two
dimensional
(channel-spanning
patches)
three
(laterally
unconfined
patches).
These
configurations
produced
range
flow
regimes
within
canopy,
wake
interference
skimming
flow.
At
low
density
_{p}\lt0.5$
turbulence
canopy
increased
increasing
regardless
configuration,
while
at
high
_{p}\gt0.5$
relationship
between
depended
on
patches.
For
same
density,
smaller
lateral
gaps
generated
stronger
canopy.
The
relative
contributions
shear
production
also
varied
densities,
dominated
over
production,
was
more
dominant
due
an
enhanced
layer
top
reduced
mean
velocity
A
new
predictive
for
channel-averaged
turbulent
kinetic
energy
(TKE)
developed
as
function
velocity,
geometry,
which
showed
good
agreement
measured
TKE.
Geophysical Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
47(12)
Published: April 10, 2020
Abstract
Laboratory
experiments
explored
the
impact
of
vegetation
patchiness
on
channel‐averaged
turbulence
and
sediment
transport.
Stems
were
clustered
into
16
randomly
distributed
circular
patches
decreasing
diameter.
For
same
channel
velocity,
transport
increased
with
total
stem
number
but
decreased
as
stems
smaller
patch
diameters,
occupying
a
fraction
bed
area.
The
turbulence,
which
also
declined
clustering,
was
shown
to
be
good
predictor
for
at
scale.
Previous
models
uniform
adapted
predict
both
function
degree
represented
by
covered
patches.
This
provides
way
numerical
modelers
represent
subgrid‐scale
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
58(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
Abstract
Laboratory
experiments
examined
the
longitudinal
evolution
of
near‐bed
velocity,
turbulent
kinetic
energy
(TKE),
and
net
deposition
in
a
model
Phragmites
australis
canopy
occupying
1/3
channel
width.
The
canopies
were
constructed
from
P
.
with
real
morphology
solid
volume
fraction
between
0.003
0.018.
An
exponential
was
modified
to
predict
velocity
inside
canopy,
which
TKE
can
be
predicted.
By
combining
predicted
probability,
we
proposed
distribution
canopy.
TKE,
good
agreement
measurements.
Relative
an
upstream
reference,
within
enhanced
when
two
conditions
met:
in‐canopy,
smaller
than
critical
value
for
resuspension,
resuspension
took
place
bare
channel.
Above
vegetation
density
(defined
by
ϕ
c
),
spatially‐averaged
surpassed
that
adjacent
provides
way
estimate
always
diminished
over
some
flow
adjustment
distance,
L
d
(distance
leading
edge
fully
developed
flow).
When
length
greater
0.4
,
canopy‐averaged
relative
Finally,
same
length,
differences
plant
morphologies
did
not
have
strong
impact
on
in‐canopy
distribution.
