Increasing global precipitation whiplash due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 18, 2023

Precipitation whiplash, including abrupt shifts between wet and dry extremes, can cause large adverse impacts on human natural systems. Here we quantify observed projected changes in characteristics of sub-seasonal precipitation whiplash investigate the role individual anthropogenic influences these changes. Results show that occurrence frequency global is to be 2.56 ± 0.16 times higher than 1979-2019 by end 21st Century, with increasingly rapid intense transitions two extremes. The most dramatic increases polar monsoon regions. Changes a much percentage change totals. In historical simulations, greenhouse gas (GHG) aerosol emissions have increased decreased occurrences, respectively. By 2079, GHGs are increase 55 4% occurrences risk which driven circulation patterns conducive

Language: Английский

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Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(10), P. 1011 - 1027

Published: March 27, 2021

Abstract Nearshore (littoral) habitats of clear lakes with high water quality are increasingly experiencing unexplained proliferations filamentous algae that grow on submerged surfaces. These algal blooms (FABs) sometimes associated nutrient pollution in groundwater, but complex changes climate, transport, lake hydrodynamics, and food web structure may also facilitate this emerging threat to lakes. A coordinated effort among members the public, managers, scientists is needed document occurrence FABs, standardize methods for measuring their severity, adapt existing data collection networks include nearshore habitats, mitigate reverse profound structural change ecosystems. Current models eutrophication do not explain littoral greening. However, a cohesive response it essential protecting some world's most valued flora, fauna, ecosystem services they sustain.

Language: Английский

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Phenological physiology: seasonal patterns of plant stress tolerance in a changing climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 237(5), P. 1508 - 1524

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Summary The physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing (‘false springs’), and droughts. Although considerable work has shown that the traits conferring tolerance to these stressors – thermotolerance, cold hardiness, water deficit stress, respectively are not static in time, they frequently treated as such. In this review, I synthesize recent literature on predictable seasonal therefore, phenological patterns acclimation deacclimation heat, cold, water‐deficit stress perennials, focusing woody native temperate climates. highlight promising, high‐throughput techniques quantifying drought tolerance. For each forms tolerance, summarize current balance evidence regarding temporal over course a year suggest characteristic scale responses environmental stress. doing so, offer synthetic framework ‘phenological physiology’, which understanding leveraging seasonally recurring (phenological) can facilitate adaptation mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Climate Change on Metabolism and Biological Characteristics in Perennial Woody Fruit Crops in the Mediterranean Environment

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 273 - 273

Published: March 22, 2022

The changes in the state of climate have a high impact on perennial fruit crops thus threatening food availability. Indeed, climatic factors affect several plant aspects, such as phenological stages, physiological processes, disease-pest frequency, yield, and qualitative composition tissues derived products. To mitigate effects parameters variability, plants implement strategies defense, by changing trends, altering physiology, increasing carbon sequestration, metabolites synthesis. This review was divided into two sections. first provides data change last years general consideration their impact, mitigation, resilience production crops. second section reviews consequences industry woody models (evergreen deciduous trees). research focused on, citrus, olive, loquat evergreen trees examples; while grape, apple, pear, cherry, apricot, almond, peach, kiwi, fig, persimmon species. Perennial originated complex decisions valuable long period involving economic technical problems that farmers may quickly case annual However, low flexibility is balanced long-life cycle.

Language: Английский

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Nine Maxims for the Ecology of Cold-Climate Winters

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(8), P. 820 - 830

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Abstract Frozen winters define life at high latitudes and altitudes. However, recent, rapid changes in winter conditions have highlighted our relatively poor understanding of ecosystem function relative to other seasons. Winter ecological processes can affect reproduction, growth, survival, fitness, whereas that occur during seasons, such as summer production, mediate how organisms fare winter. As interest grows ecology, there is a need clearly provide thought-provoking framework for defining the pathways through which it affects organisms. In present article, we nine maxims (concise expressions fundamentally held principle or truth) drawing from perspectives scientists with diverse expertise. We describe being frozen, cold, dark, snowy, less productive, variable, deadly. Therefore, implications impacts on wildlife are striking resource managers conservation practitioners. Our final, overarching maxim, “winter changing,” call action address immediate study rapidly changing winters.

Language: Английский

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Woody species do not differ in dormancy progression: Differences in time to budbreak due to forcing and cold hardiness

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(19)

Published: May 2, 2022

Budbreak is one of the most observed and studied phenological phases in perennial plants, but predictions remain a challenge, largely due to our poor understanding dormancy. Two dimensions exposure temperature are generally used model budbreak: accumulation time spent at low temperatures (chilling) heat units (forcing). These two effects have well-established negative correlation; with more chilling, less forcing required for budbreak. Furthermore, temperate plant species assumed vary chilling requirements dormancy completion allowing proper Here, investigated from cold hardiness standpoint across many species, demonstrating that it should be accounted study accurately predict Most lost prior budbreak, rates loss (deacclimation) among leading different times Within deacclimation rate increases chill. When inherent differences between by normalizing throughout winter maximum observed, standardized potential produced. Deacclimation quantitative measurement progression based on responsiveness as chill accumulates, which similarly all contradicting estimations transition budbreak assays. This finding indicates comparisons physiologic genetic control require an dynamics. Thus, updated framework studying its spring phenology suggested where lieu (or addition to) used.

Language: Английский

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Assessing climate change impacts on North American freshwater habitat of wild Atlantic salmon - urgent needs for collaborative research

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(2), P. 222 - 246

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Climate change and human activities have dramatically affected all ecosystems inhabited by Atlantic salmon, causing drastic population declines. Change in river temperature dynamics (e.g. daily variability, frequency, duration of summer maximum, warmer thermal regimes) is special concern as it impacts growth rates, reproductive success, prey abundance phenology, timing migration, ultimately survival. The Salmon Research Joint Venture held a workshop to address the effects climate on freshwater habitats salmon identify research gaps priorities. Here we summarize state science for three key themes identified participants: (1) Effects in-river habitat conditions, (2) Physiological behavioral responses temperature, (3) Population-level change. group highlighted crucial importance understanding monitoring links between physiological requirements across different life stages with focus stages. will undoubtedly continue affect instream seasons render challenging conditions Hence, call urgent interdisciplinary collaborations partnerships among scientists managers pressing that require large-scale data integration cycle ecosystems. More collaboration scientists, managers, interest groups needed ensure fundamental directly addresses knowledge-action gap enhance evidence-based decision-making conservation.

Language: Английский

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Deformation of vegetated channel bed under ice-covered flow conditions

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 636, P. 131280 - 131280

Published: May 3, 2024

A common feature of cold regions is the presence ice cover on water surface. IN vegetation in channel bed which normally leafless winter, interaction between river and vegetated becomes very complex. In present study, impacts submerged deformation flow resistance have been investigated based 144 experiments conducted a large-scale outdoor flume. The independent variables associated with maximum scour depth around elements assessed equations developed. Results indicate that most important variable affecting under ice-covered conditions ratio roughness to (ni/nb). However, open conditions, Froude number influencing depth. methods law wall provide reliable Manning's coefficient for both smooth rough covers bed. As density increases, size holes smaller. With increase density, median grain armour layer decreases correspondingly. When are placed staggered configuration, less than squared configuration elements. Regardless surface sediment bed, always occurs at upstream front face each element. Under condition, more conditions.

Language: Английский

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Response of a Terrestrial Polar Ecosystem to the March 2022 Antarctic Weather Anomaly

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8)

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Record high temperatures were documented in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, on 18 March 2022, exceeding average for that day by nearly 30°C. Satellite imagery and stream gage measurements indicate surface wetting coincided with this warming more than 2 months after peak summer thaw likely exceeded thresholds rehydration activation of resident organisms typically survive cold dry conditions polar fall a freeze‐dried state. This weather event is notable both timing magnitude when 0°C at time biological communities streams have entered persistent frozen Such events may be harbinger future climate characterized warmer greater region which could influence distribution, activity, abundance sentinel taxa. Here we describe ecosystem responses to anomaly reporting meteorological hydrological across later observations from Canada Stream, one most diverse productive ecosystems within Valleys.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of River Ice

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(9)

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

Abstract Many of the world's rivers are ice‐covered during winter months but increasing evidence indicates that extent river ice will shift substantially as winters warm. However, our knowledge lags far behind growing season, limiting understanding how loss affect rivers. Physical, chemical, and biological processes change from headwaters to large rivers; thus, we expect resulting effects on ecology could also vary with size, a result associated changes in geomorphology, temperature regimes, connectivity. To conceptualize these relationships, review typically disparate literature compare what is known smallest largest In doing so, show ability link across networks made difficult by primary focus larger lack study ecosystem winter. address some gaps, provide new scenarios analyses annual importance gross productivity (GPP) varies size. We projected varied large‐scale watershed characteristics such north‐south orientation GPP was greatest Finally, highlight information needed fill gaps improve may climate regimes shift.

Language: Английский

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