Drones,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. 31 - 31
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Accurate
river
hydraulic
characterization
is
fundamental
to
assess
flood
risk,
parametrize
forecasting
models,
and
develop
maintenance
workflows.
River
roughness
riverbed/floodplain
geometry
are
the
main
factors
controlling
inundation
extent
water
levels.
However,
gauging
stations
providing
hydrometric
observations
declining
worldwide,
they
provide
point
measurements
only.
To
describe
processes,
spatially
distributed
data
required.
In
situ
surveys
costly
time-consuming,
sometimes
limited
by
local
accessibility
conditions.
Satellite
earth
observation
(EO)
techniques
can
be
used
measure
variables,
reducing
time
cost
of
traditional
surveys.
EO
provides
high
temporal
spatial
frequency,
but
it
only
large
rivers
(wider
than
ca.
50
m)
surface
elevation
(WSE),
slope
(WSS),
width
data.
UAS
hydrometry
WSE,
WSS,
velocity
riverbed
at
a
resolution,
making
suitable
for
all
sizes.
The
use
enhance
management,
with
cost-effective
offering
coverage
high-resolution
data,
which
in
risk
assessment,
especially
areas
that
difficult
access.
this
study,
we
proposed
combination
fully
characterize
parameters
river.
land
adjacent
channel
was
measured
LiDAR,
sonar
payload,
WSE
radar
altimetry
payload.
survey
provided
57
cross-sections
elevation,
8
km
took
around
2
days
work
field.
Simulated
values
were
compared
fit
roughness,
cannot
directly
observed.
have
an
average
error
32
cm
relative
RTK
GNSS
ground-truth
measurements.
This
consequence
dense
vegetation
on
prevents
LiDAR
signal
from
reaching
ground
underwater
vegetation,
has
impact
quality
could
mitigated
performing
during
winter,
when
submerged
less
prevalent.
Despite
cross-sections,
model
gave
good
estimates
RMSE
below
3
cm.
estimated
also
agreement
station,
Gauckler–Manning–Strickler
coefficient
M
=
16–17
m1/3/s.
Hydraulic
modeling
results
demonstrate
both
bathymetry
necessary
obtain
unique
robust
Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
128(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
Net
ecosystem
production
(NEP)
by
submerged
aquatic
vegetation
plays
a
substantial
role
in
capturing
atmospheric
carbon
dioxide
into
ecosystems.
In
lakes
and
estuaries,
the
net
uptake
of
is
mediated
stratification
water
column
which
suppresses
vertical
flux
between
upper
lower
layers.
The
presence
can
also
affect
strength
such
that
interactions
vegetation,
stratification,
NEP
moderate
emissions.
Since
occur
there
need
for
new
numerical
approach
able
to
consider
effect
on
NEP,
dioxide.
This
study
aims
develop
model
investigate
how
density
flexibility,
affects
partial
pressure
(
p
CO
2
)
dissolved
inorganic
(DIC).
After
initial
parameterization
coefficients
based
experimental
work,
horizontal
variations
DIC
were
successfully
modeled
spatially
(horizontally)
integrated
(SiDIC)
model,
was
validated
with
field
observations
from
an
estuarine
freshwater
lake
case
study.
SiDIC
reproduce
changes
daytime
nighttime
throughout
column.
Sensitivity
tests
showed
fluctuation
controlled
suppression
due
vegetation.
results
highlight
importance
resolving
vegetation‐induced
when
modeling
budget
within
coastal
environments.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
803, P. 150044 - 150044
Published: Sept. 3, 2021
A
typhoon
is
extreme
weather
that
flushes
terrestrial
carbon
(C)
loads
and
temporally
mixes
the
entire
water
columns
of
lakes
in
subtropical
regions.
C
flux
varies
based
on
trophic
level
associated
with
ecological
cycle
related
to
hydraulic
retention
time
(residence
time).
Herein,
we
sought
clarify
how
disturbance
from
a
affect
regimes
two
mountain
humid
region
Taiwan
different
levels—oligotrophic
mesotrophic.
We
investigated
meteorological
data
vertical
profiles
temperature,
dissolved
inorganic
(DIC),
organic
(DOC),
chlorophyll
(Chl.
a)
during
pre-typhoon
period
(April–July),
(August–November),
post-typhoon
(December–March)
for
five
years
(2009–2010
2015–2017).
applied
three-dimensional
environmental
model
(Fantom)
investigate
effect
net
ecosystem
production
(NEP)
using
residence
stratified
lakes.
The
results
demonstrate
typhoon-induced
mixing
plays
one
critical
roles
controlling
NEP
shallow
Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
126(4)
Published: March 18, 2021
Abstract
Thermal
stratification
is
a
critical
physical
process
controlling
carbon
(C)
flux
from
lakes
into
the
atmosphere.
In
general,
vertical
water
temperature
profiles
in
shallow
subtropical
can
vary
significantly
because
typhoons
frequently
induce
mixing
across
entire
lake
due
to
strong
winds
and
rapid
flushing
river
inputs.
Since
C
fluxes
are
driven
by
dissolved
inorganic
(DIC),
it
necessary
understand
stratification's
influence
on
DIC
dynamics
lakes.
Therefore,
we
aimed
clarify
impact
of
Yuan‐Yang
Lake,
typical
mountain
lake,
developing
net
ecosystem
production
(NEP)
model.
We
measured
profile
once
or
twice
month
July
2004
December
2017.
applied
three‐dimensional
hydrological
model
estimate
residence
time
NEP,
which
revealed
that
large
amounts
stored
lower
layer
spring
summer
suppression
stratification.
autumn
winter,
was
well
mixed,
evenly
distributed
column
mixing.
This
confirmed
profiles.
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
125(10)
Published: Sept. 29, 2020
Abstract
In
stratified
flow,
breaking
of
internal
waves
over
slopes
induces
resuspension
bottom
sediments
and
transport
mass.
When
shoal
break,
flow
dynamics
mass
differ
significantly
according
to
whether
the
Coriolis
force
is
included
or
neglected.
Despite
its
importance,
currents
generated
by
Kelvin
remain
uninvestigated.
Therefore,
this
study
considers
a
uniform
slope
under
with
equivalent
upper‐
lower‐layer
depths.
Laboratory
experiments,
using
6.0‐m
rotating
tank,
were
undertaken
visualize
particle
image
velocimetry.
Experimental
data
validated
three‐dimensional
fluid
model,
in
which
phase‐averaged
velocity
(residual
jet)
was
simulated
occur
at
lateral
wall
(to
right)
progressive
zone,
generation
an
oblique
downslope
return
(downdraft)
Coriolis.
The
geostrophic
balance
drove
residual
jet,
equation
for
estimating
current,
due
formulated
discussed
referring
coastal
jet
Lake
Erie.
results
provide
insight
on
lakeshore
zones.
