Reviews of Geophysics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
62(4)
Published: Sept. 27, 2024
Abstract
Soil
salinization
refers
to
the
accumulation
of
water‐soluble
salts
in
upper
part
soil
profile.
Excessive
levels
salinity
affects
crop
production,
health,
and
ecosystem
functioning.
This
phenomenon
threatens
agriculture,
food
security,
stability,
fertility
leading
land
degradation
loss
essential
services
that
are
fundamental
sustaining
life.
In
this
review,
we
synthesize
recent
advances
at
various
spatial
temporal
scales,
ranging
from
global
core,
pore,
molecular
offering
new
insights
presenting
our
perspective
on
potential
future
research
directions
address
key
challenges
open
questions
related
salinization.
Globally,
identify
significant
understanding
salinity,
which
(a)
considerable
uncertainty
estimating
total
area
salt‐affected
soils,
(b)
geographical
bias
ground‐based
measurements
(c)
lack
information
data
detailing
secondary
processes,
both
dry‐
wetlands,
particularly
concerning
responses
climate
change.
At
core
scale,
impact
salt
precipitation
with
evolving
porous
structure
evaporative
fluxes
media
is
not
fully
understood.
knowledge
crucial
for
accurately
predicting
water
due
evaporation.
Additionally,
effects
transport
properties
media,
such
as
mixed
wettability
conditions,
saline
evaporation
resulting
patterns
remain
unclear.
Furthermore,
effective
continuum
equations
must
be
developed
represent
experimental
pore‐scale
numerical
simulations.
Water Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
262, P. 122098 - 122098
Published: July 19, 2024
While
existing
studies
on
sewer
networks
have
explored
topics
such
as
surface
water
inflow,
limited
research
has
delved
into
groundwater
infiltration
(GWI).
This
study
aims
to
fill
this
void
by
providing
a
comprehensive
overview
of
quantitative
analyses
GWI
in
plus
current
status,
limitations
and
future
perspectives,
considering
the
most
relevant
peer-reviewed
research,
including
83
studies.
We
propose
dividing
two
main
groups:
(1)
phreatic
zone,
(2)
vadose
zone.
Most
focused
latter,
mainly
Rainfall-Derived
Inflow
Infiltration
(RDII),
inflow
GWI.
The
ratio
each
is
not
frequently
separated;
otherwise,
there
may
be
some
assumptions,
e.g.
dry
weather
assuming
zero
inflow.
also
divided
employed
approaches
different
categories
from
physically-based
numerical
models,
simpler
ones,
budget
analysis.
In
fact,
combination
applied
find
intricate
characteristics
'urban
groundwater'
or
karst.'
findings
revealed
heightened
vulnerability
GWI,
due
climate
change
(CC)
its
associated
repercussions,
sea
level
rise
(SLR),
making
coastal
cities
vulnerable
regions.
criticality
pre-emptive
measures
monitoring
networks,
especially
near
coastline,
emphasised
ensure
resilience
adaptability
context
amid
potential
impacts
CC.
However,
practices
lack
widespread
evidence
for
spatiotemporal
analysis
quantity.
Abstract
Few
coastal
ecosystems
remain
untouched
by
direct
human
activities,
and
none
are
unimpacted
anthropogenic
climate
change.
These
drivers
interact
with
exacerbate
each
other
in
complex
ways,
yielding
a
mosaic
of
ecological
consequences
that
range
from
adaptive
responses,
such
as
geographic
shifts
changes
phenology,
to
severe
impacts,
mass
mortalities,
regime
loss
biodiversity.
Identifying
the
role
change
these
phenomena
requires
corroborating
evidence
multiple
lines
evidence,
including
laboratory
experiments,
field
observations,
numerical
models
palaeorecords.
Yet
few
studies
can
confidently
quantify
magnitude
effect
attributable
solely
change,
because
seldom
acts
alone
ecosystems.
Projections
future
risk
further
complicated
scenario
uncertainty
–
is,
our
lack
knowledge
about
degree
which
humanity
will
mitigate
greenhouse-gas
emissions,
or
make
ways
we
impact
Irrespective,
ocean
warming
would
be
impossible
reverse
before
end
century,
sea
levels
likely
continue
rise
for
centuries
elevated
millennia.
Therefore,
risks
projected
mirror
impacts
already
observed,
severity
escalating
cumulative
emissions.
Promising
avenues
progress
beyond
qualitative
assessments
include
collaborative
modelling
initiatives,
model
intercomparison
projects,
use
broader
systems.
But
reduce
rapidly
reducing
emissions
greenhouse
gases,
restoring
damaged
habitats,
regulating
non-climate
stressors
using
climate-smart
conservation
actions,
implementing
inclusive
coastal-zone
management
approaches,
especially
those
involving
nature-based
solutions.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
1539(1), P. 127 - 184
Published: Aug. 19, 2024
This
chapter
of
the
New
York
City
Panel
on
Climate
Change
4
(NPCC4)
report
provides
a
comprehensive
description
different
types
flood
hazards
(pluvial,
fluvial,
coastal,
groundwater,
and
compound)
facing
climatological
context
that
can
be
utilized,
along
with
climate
change
projections,
to
support
risk
management
(FRM).
Previous
NPCC
reports
documented
coastal
presented
trends
in
historical
future
precipitation
sea
level
but
did
not
comprehensively
assess
all
city's
hazards.
also
discussed
implications
floods
infrastructure
residents
review
impacts
flooding
natural
nature-based
systems
(NNBSs).
This-the
NPCC's
first
focused
drivers
flooding-describes
profiles
examples
each
type
summarizes
previous
ongoing
research
regarding
exposure,
vulnerability,
management,
including
NNBS
nonstructural
measures.
